This study evaluated the cortex, pulp and seed of Libyan Bekrari and Bronci date varieties for antioxidant, antibacterial and nutritional properties using standard methods. For both varieties, tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars and cardiac glycosides were found in the cortex, pulp, and seed, whereas coumarins were only detected in the cortex and pulp. Saponins were present in seeds and alkaloids were absent in both varieties. The IC50 for Bekrari and Bronci seed and pulp extracts were 0.092 - 0.047 mg/ml and 8.81 - 4.98 mg/ml, respectively. The concentration of cortex extracts to reduce DDPH free radicals by 50 % were recorded at 4.25 and 3.69 mg/ml for Bekrari and Bronci, respectively. The seed extract of Bekrari at 100, 50, 25, and 12.5% showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zones 15.6, 13.3, 13, and 12 mm, respectively; and MRSA with inhibition zones 18.3, 16, 14, and 13 mm, respectively. The seed extract of Bronci also inhibited S. aureus and MRSA giving zones of inhibitions 16, 14.5, 12.5, 11 mm and 16.5, 14.2, 12.5, mm respectively, at the various concentrations. The Bronci and Bekrari seeds respectively contained 6.59 - 6.02 % protein, 5.48-6.60 % fat, 8.36-8.25 % moisture, 1.12-1.16 % ash, 38.45-39.60 % fiber, 0.80-1.24 % fructose, 1.05-1.24 % glucose and 1.32-1.56 % sucrose. The Bronci and Bekrari pulp respectively contained 3.47-2.25 % protein, 0.05-0.04 % fat, 7.67-7.84 % moisture, 1.72-1.85 % ash, 2.26-2.74 % fiber, 32.27-37.46 % fructose, 37.17-40.52 % glucose and 37.17-0.10 % sucrose. The Bronci and Bekrari cortex respectively contained 4.87-3.82 % crude protein, 0.65-0.29 % fat, 7.46-4.66 % moisture, 2.74- 1.59 % ash, 17.55-9.79 % fiber 17.95-20.01 % fructose, 17.32-18.41% glucose and 0.01-0.063 % sucrose. These results revealed and highlighted the strong antimicrobial, antioxidant and nutritional potential of Libyan date varieties.
Rabya A Ibrahim Lahmer(2-2021)

Abstract: Emissions of gases from industrial activities and even from agriculture activities and from soil as releasing of nitrogen from soils to atmosphere have been increasing steadily therefore, acid rain is the concern throughout the world. The hill field at the UCD research farm was chosen as the representative of good versatile, on which moderate to intensive farming is practised in the drier rainfall areas of Ireland. Nutrient contents in rainfall water samples were measurable, although the site of rainfall sample collection is located in the east of the country far away from the Atlantic Ocean. TDP (total dissolve phosphorus) concentrations in rainwater samples were very low. While DRP (dissolve reactive phosphorus) is the main component in some samples, the DUP (dissolve unreactive phosphorus) is dominant in others. DRP values accounted for less than 50% of dissolved phosphorus in rainfall. Sodium (Na) and Chloride (Cl) ions had the highest concentration value, because most of Irish rain originates from the Atlantic Ocean. Nitrate (NO3) had the highest value 15.2 μg·mL-1 but it associated only with mineral fertiliser spreading time. Key words: Irish rain, acid rain, nutrient content. arabic 6 English 35
Abdulfatah F Aboufayed(5-2012)

أجريت هذه الدراسة لغرض مراجعة بعض التقنيات المتبعة في اعادة استخدام أو التخلص من المياه المصاحبة للاستفادة منها في الجماهيرية حيث تم ذلك من خلال الاستفادة من خبرات بعض الدول التي سبقتنا في هذا المجال. وعن طريق جمع المعلومات المتعلقة بكميات المياه المصاحبة المنتجة من بعض الحقول النفطية بالجماهيرية وإخضاعها للتحاليل الكيميائية ومعرفة تركيز الملوثات النفطية في هذه المياه ومقارنتها بالمعايير الدولية. وتم ذلك من خلال إختيار حقلي الحمادة وجالو لجمع عينات المياه المصاحبة بمعدل مرتين في كل شهر ولمدة ثلاثة أشهر،تشير النتائج المتحصل عليها في هذه الدراسة أن المياه المنتجة من الحقول التابعة لشركة الخليج العربي للنفط كانت تتراوح بين3227.7 و 58018.5 متر مكعب/يوم،كما تشير النتائج المتعلقة بنوعية المياه المستخرجة من حقل الحمادة بأن درجة تفاعل هذه المياه متعادلة تقريبا في حين أن درجة التوصيل الكهربي تراوحت بين 2,06 – 2,67 dS/m ،وتعتبر عموما متوسطة الملوحة ويمكن إعتبارها ملائمة للزراعة وفق المواصفات القياسية لمياه الري ، كما أن محتواها من العناصر الثقيلة والهيدروكاربون الكلي لم تتجاوز الحدود الحدود الغير مسموح بها في الري. بينما النتائج المتحصل عليها من تحليل عينات المياه المستخرجة من حقل جالو تشير على أن درجة التفاعل مطابقة للمواصفات في حين أن درجة التوصيل الكهربي تجاوزت الحد المسموح به لاستعمال المياه للري حيث تراوحت بين 26,7 – 60,1 dS/m . كما تم إستعراض أهم الطرق المستخدمة في بعض الدول للتخلص من المياه المصاحبة لوضع الخيارات الممكنة لاستعمالها بالجماهيرية . Abstract This study was carried out for the purpose of reviewing some technologies that are usually followed in reuse of or produced water disposal to be recommended for Libya. This was done through investigation of some countries experience in this respect, and through collecting data concerning quantities of produced water from some oil fields in Libya . To determine the produced water quality, Alhamadha and Jalou oil fields were chosen and water samples were collected twice per month for three months. The water samples were analyzed for pH, EC and hydrocarbons contents. The data obtained in this study indicate that the quantity of produced water from Arabian Gulf Petroleum Company ranged from 3227.7 to 5801.5 cubic meter per day. The results also indicate that the pH and EC of the produced water of Alhamadha oil field were neutral (about 7.0) and normal (range between 2.06 – 2.67 ds/m), respectively. The hydrocarbon and heavy metal contents were also within the permissible levels to be used for agriculture irrigation. However, the results obtained from Jalou oil fields produced water analysis indicate that it is not suitable for irrigation especially because of high salinity which was ranging from 27.7 to 60.1 ds/m.
نجوى خليفة المقري (2009)