In this paper a brief introduction to the concept of quality of service has been given. However, it mainly focuses on the classification of routing algorithms based on a number of different criteria like: protocols, structure, technologies in use, etc. And it concludes with a presentation of a common problem facing routing protocols, namely routing loops, and explained the known solutions to that problem. arabic 6 English 52
Ibrahim Almerhag, Ali Ganoun(6-2018)

This paper identifies the most affecting factors that enhance the quality of the decision making process within some Libyan oil and gas companies. Based on the developed questionnaire along with the literature review, the analysis showed that it is a challenge to processing the proper procedure for making decisions. However, most decision makers are found to be focusing on using simple tools for making their decisions, whereas, lacking of an effective communication network during making decisions are considered with a negative impact on making the proper decisions within most surveyed companies. Furthermore, it was found that, the procedures for making decisions within most surveyed companies could be considered as the most crucial for improving the quality of the decision making processes, followed by the used tools and techniques, whereas, communications as a factor influencing the processes of making decisions is found to be at the lowest level throughout the entire decision making processes. arabic 15 English 98
Rajab HOKOMA, Hanan Zawam Aburas(3-2018)

المياه المصاحبة للنفط تمثل أكبر التحديات التقنية و الإقتصادية و البيئية التي تواجه عمليات إستخراج النفط. و نجاح أي حقل نفطي يعتمد و بشكل أساسي على مدى نجاعة الطرق المتبعة للتعامل مع هذه المياه.عند بداية إنتاج النفط في ليبيا كانت المياه المصاحبة تلقى في أحواض (مسطحات) ترابية و بدون أي قانون يضبط هذه العملية، و بمرور الوقت و تقدم عمر الحقول النفطية، تزداد كميات المياه المصاحبة حتى تصل نسبتها إلى 95 – 98% في نهاية العمر الإقتصادي لهذه الحقول، و يصبح وجود تشريعات و ضوابط أمر ضروري لحماية البيئة المجاورة للحقول النفطية من المواد الهيدروكربونية و المركبات الملوثة الأخرى الموجودة في المياه المصاحبة سواءً عالقة أو ذائبة.و قد تم في السنوات الأخيرة دراسة العديد من التقنيات المتطورة للتعامل مع المياه المصاحبة. و في هذه الدراسة سوف يتم تناول و بشئ من التفصيل الطرق و البدائل المتاحة لإدارة هذه المياه تقنياً، إقتصادياً، و بيئياً مع التركيز على المنطقة موضوع الدراسة – حقل جالو 59 شرق النفطي.أظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة الحاجة إلى ضرورة اتباع شركة الواحة للنفط، بصفتها المشغل لهذا الحقل، سياسة جادة في التعامل مع الإعتبارات البيئية المتعلقة بالمياه المصاحبة، بالإضافة إلى تكثيف الدراسات حول بدائل و تقنيات إدارة المياه المصاحبة للنفط مع التركيز خاصة، وكما بينت الحالات المدروسة، على تقنية فصل النفط عن الماء عند قاع البئر وكذلك العمليات الإعتيادية الأخرى لتفادي إنتاج المياه مع النفط. Abstract Produced water is one of the main technical, economical and environmental problems facing oil production. The success of many oil fields depends upon efficient management of produced water. In the early time of the oil production in Libya, the produced water was disposed into open land water pits, and as a life of the oil field being longer, the amount of the produced water increases until it’s water cut reaches 95 – 98% of total fluid produced (oil and water), then it is said the reservoir reaches the economic limit.Since there are some organic (Hydrocarbons) compounds exist in the produced water as well as other dissolved compounds, polluting the environment is possible due to the way of disposing these waters on the surface, which may cause harmfulness to the human beings and animals, so this operation should be controlled.Recently, a number of commercial and advanced technologies have been developed and applied for the handling of produced water. This study will provide an overview of the management options to deal with produced water technically, economically and environmentally.In this study, Gialo 59East oil field which is being operated by Waha Oil Company has been chosen to evaluate the management options in this field.The findings of this study reached that Waha Oil Company should concentrate on the environmental considerations related to produced water, and deeper investigations and studies for water management options is needed. Downhole oil water separation (DHOWS) and conventional water exclusion operations could be the right options to environmental pollution control in the study area.
ونيس سالم عبدالله (2010)