Abstract The average recovery factor calculated for the whole reservoir is higher than the average recovery factor calculated from averaging the individual well recovery factor. The integrated recovery factor calculated from each well should be compared with recovery factor calculated for the reservoir as a whole using the material balance equation or the volumetric methods as a basis for the calculations. The difference between the two values is anindication of an inadequate well spacing for the reservoirIf (Np/N) each ≈ (Np/N)whole the distribution of the wells for the reservoir is adequate .If (Np/N) each < (Np/N)whole the distribution of the wells in the reservoir is inadequate .This indication of excess in number of wells .If (Np/N) each > (Np/N)whole the distribution of the wells in the reservoir is inadequate .This indication of the reservoir needs infill wells to be drilled.The number of infill wells depends on the relationship between recovery factor and number of wells. The infill wells location in the reservoir should be at high hydrocarbon pore volume and also it should be located in the trend of the easiest permeability path of oil movement.It was concluded that the number of wells existing in the Sharara field is not adequate therefore we recommend to increase the number of the wells as per the method enclosed in this study. The results of this study indicate that the calculated oil production decline rate constant is different from well to another which is an indication of variations of water influx into the reservoir.
مختار محمد غدير (2008)

It has become important for higher education institutions to seek accreditation of both types if they are to improve and to achieve continuous development in the performance of their mission and compete in the labor market or to satisfy the customer through the application of standards of academic quality. The accreditation has become a key demand of the Foundation for acquiring financial support and as a feedback to the continuous improvement in academic quality. It became clear to the researcher that there is a study problem which is summarized in the low level of graduates as a result of non-application of accreditation standards accurately, which results in non-application of quality management system effectively in the Faculty of Engineering, University of Tripoli, leading to damage to the technical and hence economic to certain institutions, and therefore The study hypothesis was developed which can be summarized in the problem described above. To make a field study the focus was on the Libyan Quality Assurance Center questionnaire. Three categories of faculty community were chosen representing the workers of the Faculty of Engineering, University of Tripoli, who are best to answer the questions in the questionnaire devoted to the field study. The categories are namely; teaching staff members who have sufficient experience which makes the researcher trust their responses as they are knowledgeable of all aspects of the administrative and financial issues of the faculty. The second categories are the engineers, and the third categories are the administrators. The answers of these three categories were studied using the gap analysis according to the qualification and accreditation standards required by the Libyan Quality Assurance Center. Statistical analysis and evaluation reports were prepared for the institution. Results showed marked distinction and preference for the first category’s answers (teaching staff members). This is due to the experience and the higher academic degree that this category has in comparison with the other two categories. On the light of these results test the hypothesis of the study was tested and proved. The acceptance of a null hypothesis being that the Faculty of Engineering, University of Tripoli will not get the accreditation because of the wide gap in the number of the topics which needs to be corrected. Therefore several points were extracted upon which some recommendations were reached represented in a number of requirements which should be available to provide a suitable environment for the application of academic quality standards for qualification and accreditation. These requirements include; the commitment of the faculty management to apply the criteria of academic quality for qualification and accreditation. The formation of a working group to improve the quality of faculty focusing on achieving the needs of the customers. Giving attention to training and development for employees of various levels and good planningwhich helps to apply the standards of academic quality. Also adding some procedures’ quality in the institution and spreading the culture of quality.
خالد امحمد محمد (2011)

تشكيل و محاكاة الفوتونية الألياف البصرية تعتبر البلورات الفوتونية من أھم مجالات البحت في الوقت الحاضر، وتعرف على أنھا بنيات دورية في أوساط كھرومغناطيسية مصنعة من مواد لھا معاملات سماحية مختلفة . ينتج عن ھذه البنيات ما يعرف بفجوات النطاق الفوتونية بحيث تمنع الموجات ذات الترددات الواقعة في ھذه الفجوة من الانتشار في التراكيب . ينتج عن ھذه الفجوات الفوتونية العديد من الخصائص التي يمكن الاستفادة منھا خاصة في مجال البصريات . تشكيل و محاكاة البلورات الفوتونية لغرض فھم خصائصھا المميزة يمكننا من تصميم أجھزة تعتمد في تكوينھا على ال الفوتونية فجوات . فعلى سبيل المثال ھذه الأجھزة، تشمل التجاويف الدقيقة ذات معامل الخطية (Q) جودة ذات (linear waveguide) عال، ودلائل الموجات ودلائل موجات العالية الكفاءة ضوئية (highly efficient sharp bend) بانحناءات حادة وبعض المرشحات تعتبر الأجھزة التي تعتمد في تكوينھا على البلورات الفوتونية في بعدين على أنھا المرشح الأكبر لتطوير مايعرف بالدوائر الضوئية المتكاملة. وتشمل العوامل التي تؤثر في تكوين الفجوات الترددية التركيب الابتدائي للخلية، والفرق بين للت معاملات السماحية للمواد المكونة ركيب و الدرات ، شكل وكذ ، الك النسبة بين حجم الدرات إلى الحجم الكلي للخلية. و الفوتونية البلورات ھي ع عبارة عن اكسات ضوئية مثالية تمنع الموجات الضوئية التي لھا ترددات واقعة في مدى فجوة النطاق للبلورة من الانتشار خلالھا، مما يمكننا من التحكم في الضوء وذالك بإحداث خلل في دورية البلورة , حيت الموجة المحصورة في ھدا الخلل لا يمكنھا الانتشار في التركيب لأنھا واقعة في فجوة النطاق للبلورة, من أھم طرق إحداث الخلل التي يمكن إنشاؤھا في البلورة مايعرف بالخلل النقطي و الخلل الخطي اللذان يعملان على تيسير تصميم العديد من الأجھزة الكھرومغناطيسية والتي تختلف في خصائصھا على الأجھزة الاعتيادية. تعتبر الألياف البصرية الفوتونية من أھم تطبيقات البل ورات الفوتونية لما لھا من خصائص غير موجودة في الألياف البصرية العادية فعلى سبيل المثال تشتغل ھذه الألياف بسريان نمط واحد في مدى واسع من الأطوال الموجية و كذالك إمكانية التحكم في التشتت اللوني للضوء والحصول على تشتت مسطح على مدى واسع من الأطوال الموجية .محا كاة الألياف البصرية الفوتونية يساعدنا على فھم آلية انتشار الأنماط الكھرومغناطيسية الألياف ومناطق التشغيل المختلفة لھذه الالياف. Abstract Modeling And Simulation Of Photonic Crystal Optical FIBER WAVEGUIDE Photonic Crystals Are Periodic Electromagnetic Media That Can Be Used In Microwave And Optical Wavelength Scale. They Possess Photonic Band Gaps (Pbgs) That Inhibit The Existence Of Light Within The Crystals In Certain Wavelength Range. Such Band Gaps Produce Many Interesting Optical Phenomenal Leading To The Integration Of Optical And Electronic Devices Using Standard Manufacturing Techniques. Modeling And Simulation Of These Periodic Structures To Understand Their Fine Characteristics Enable Us To Design Photonic Crystal Based Devices. Examples Of Devices Studied Include High-Q Micro-Cavities And Linear Waveguides. Twodimensional PBG Planar Devices Are Ideal Candidates For Novel Dense Optical Integrated Circuits. Several Material And Structural Parameters Are Found To Affect The Band Gap. These Include The Lattice Geometry, Dielectric Constants Contrast, 'Atom' Shape And A Filling Ratio. Photonic Band Gap Devices Are Perfect Omni-Directional Mirrors. Light Can Be Controlled In Order To Be Confined Only In The Defect Region Surrounded By These Materials. Among Various Designs Of Defects, Point Defects And Linear Defects Are The Two Basic Forms That Are Most Important. It Was Found That Point Defects Can Form Resonator Centers Of Very High Quality Factors, Whereas Line Defects Can Form Linear Waveguides In Low/High Index Material. Highly Efficient Energy Transfer Occurs Between Defect Modes. Using The Multipole Method, We Investigated In Some Detail The Photonic Crystal Fiber PCF Dispersion And Loss Properties, And Developed Better PCF Designs With Low Confinement Losses And Ultra-Flattened Dispersion On A Wide Wavelength Range.
بلعيد محمد خالد (2009)