Abstract: Rheological properties of Gum Habeil collected during three seasons had been studied. Intrinsic viscosity of aqueous solution of Gum Habeil was calculated by Fedor's equation. At a low concentration of aqueous deacetylated gum solution, the G' (viscoelastic) was appeared higher than G'' (viscosity) at frequency ranged from 1 to 10 Hz, but with increases concentration of deacetylated gum solutions G'' line was trend to appear higher than G' line at low frequency region. However, a crossover of G' and G'' lines was observed as the frequencies increased to 1.26, 3.97, and 9.99 Hz for 1.5, 3, and 5% w/w of gum solutions respectively. The concentrated crude gum dispersions 12.5 and 15% w/w were exhibited viscoelastic behavior, in contrast the 10% w/w of crud gum solution in distilled water appeared G'' higher than G' with the crosslink points at the middle of frequency range. The critical concentration C* of deacetylated gum solutions in deionized water, in sodium hydroxide alone, and in alkali with addition salt were determined to be 2.34, 2.37, and 2.41 g/dl respectively. The effect of temperature on rheological behavior was also studied. arabic 8 English 57
Aborawi M. Elgornazi, M. H. Awad, Nouri M. A. Soleiman(2-2020)

Abstract Teacher self-evaluation is an important dimension in the overall evaluation activities in educational programs. However, this dimension is often overlooked and not given its right share of importance. Teacher self-evaluation is neither included in teacher training programs nor is considered a basic requirement from teachers as they develop in their careers. The significance and value of teacher self-evaluation as a core element in continuing professional development requires that self-evaluation proceed all other forms of evaluation. To support the claim that teacher self-evaluation is a missing element in the area of investigation, the researchers conducted a study which adopted a survey that involved eleven schools and 86 Libyan teachers. The results of the study showed that while many teachers perform some sort of self-reflection about their teaching, they do not recognize self-evaluation as a basic requirement in developing their career. When the effectiveness of teacher self-evaluation was probed in contrast to external evaluation, most teachers agreed that teacher self-evaluation could play a far more vital role in continuing professional development. Keywords Continuing Professional development, External evaluation, Self- evaluation.
Fawzia Mohamed Elwafi, Yousra Ali Aghanimi, Fahima Mohamed Bannur(4-2021)

أهمية إدارة التغير في تعزيز الإشراف الالكتروني في ظل جائحة كورونا الملخص: هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على أهمية إدارة التغيير في تعزيز الإشراف الالكتروني كبديل عن الإشراف التقليدي، ولتحقيق ذلك تم استخدم المنهج الوصفي، كما تم اعتماد (الاستبيان) كأداة لجمع البيانات من عينة التي بلغت (34) مشرف تربوي، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن أهمية إدارة التغيير في تعزيز الإشراف الالكتروني كبديل عن الإشراف التقليدي كانت بدرجة عالية في المجال الإداري، والمجال البشري، وبدرجة منخفضة في المجال التكنولوجي ، وبينت نتائج الدراسة وجود العديد من التحديات التي تواجه إدارة التغيير في تعزيز الإشراف الالكتروني، وأظهرت ايضًا عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية لإجابات عينة الدراسة في مجالاتها كافة. وأصت الدراسة بضرورة نشر ثقافة إدارة التغيير بالمؤسسات التعليمية وإشراك كافة المستويات الإدارية المختلفة في عملية التغيير بما يكفل التفاعل مع تغيرات البيئة الجديدة الكلمات المفتاحية: إدارة التغيير – الإشراف التربوي التقليدي – الإشراف التربوي الالكتروني.
البشير الهادي القرقوطي(4-2022)