Introduction: Smoking causes substantial preventable morbidity, mortality and financial burdens. It is the main risk factor for many diseases and a significant cause of death. Smoking prevalence is high internationally and in Malaysia, especially among males. Smoking cessation is essential to reduce tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Aim: To evaluate knowledge, attitude towards and practice of smoking among pharmacy students in the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a validated structured self-administered questionnaire among a sample of IIUM pharmacy students (n=251) from November 2012 to December 2012. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarise data and to examine the relationship between variables. Results: A total of 251 IIUM pharmacy students have participated in the survey. The median age of the participants was 21-23 years; 23.9% of them were males and 76.1% were females. The percentage of current smokers and ex-smokers was 0.4%, 0.8%, respectively. About 43% of the respondents had a good knowledge (score >16), more than half of them had a positive attitude (score >17), and about 38.4% had a good practice (score >11). Conclusion: Smoking prevalence among pharmacy students in IIUM is very low. However, conducting training and educational programs to improve knowledge, attitudes and practice of pharmacy students is highly recommended to assist their contribution to smoking cessation interventions in the future. arabic 15 English 87
Eman Ali .M Dyab(12-2018)

تستخدم مطهرات الارضيات ومطهرات الايدي على نطاق واسع في المستشفيات ومرافق الرعاية الصحية الأخرى لمجموعة متنوعة من التطبيقات. ومع ذلك، لا يتم دائما ذكر فعاليتها المضادة للبكتيريا بشكل جيد من قبل المنتجين والمستهلكين حيت يجدون صعوبة في اختيار المنتج المناسب وفقا لاحتياجاتهم. لذلك، كان الهدف من هذه الدراسة تقييم فعالية التضاد البكتيري لمطهرات الارضيات ومطهرات الايدي المختارة من مركز طرابلس الطبي باعتباره أحد اهم المستشفيات الليبية.  أربعة عشر (14) نوعا من مطهرات الارضيات ومطهرات الايدي.(Dex36, Dex50, Dex53, Mzid-S, Mzid-AF, Deson-AF, Dettol, Seem, Chlor and Wipol, HiBi, Esept, Emed and Desman) . تم تقييمها باستخدام أربعة أنواع من التجارب المعملية العيارية وهي: (capacity test, diffusion test, in-use test and suspension test) ضد ستة من السلالات البكتيرية ، ثلاثة من البكتيريا إيجابية الجرام وثلاثة من البكتيريا سالبة الجرام.(Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebscilla pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). هذه السلالات تم عزلها من بيئات مختلفة من اقسام مركز طرابلس الطبي ، وقد تم دراسة حساسيتها لمطهرات الارضيات ومطهرات الايدي بتراكيز مختلفة و فترات تحضين مختلفة ، وأظهرت النتائج أن استخدام التراكيز الموصى بها من مركبات (Dex 50 & 53 and Deson-AF) كان لها تأثير كبير على تثبيط الأنواع البكتيرية التالية:Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa..تشير النتائج الإجمالية ان مركبات (Dex50 & 53, Mzid-S, Mzid-AF, HiBi) عد استخدامها وفق التخفيفات الموصى بها ، كانت الأفضل كمطهرات ضد البكتيريا التالية:Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aemolyticus, staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa إن الاستخدام الجيد والصحيح للمطهرات ضروري لتجنب الإصابة بالأمراض التي قد تنشأ من جراء انتشار مثل هده الميكروبات الممرضة. Abstract Biocides (disinfectants and antiseptics) are used extensively in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of applications. However, their .ntibacterial effectiveness is not always well stated by the manufacturers and consumers find it difficult to choose the right product according to their .eeds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate practically achieves disinfection efficacy of locally available disinfectants and antiseptics on surfaces and infectious microbiological utilities of Tripoli Medical Center (TMC). Fourteen biocides; Ten disinfectants (Dex36, Dex50, Dex53, Mzid-S, Mzid-AF, Deson, Dettol, Seem, Chlor and Wipol) and four antiseptics (HiBi, Esept, Emed and Desman) were tested at concentrations .commended by manufacturers on surfaces, walls and different utilities that were ontaminated by locally circulating six isolates of .cilluscereus,Staphylococcus haemolyticus, staphylococcus aureus, Klebscilla pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using four standard evaluation test procedures (capacity test, diffusion test, in-use test and suspension test). Results showed the highest average log reduction (7.4) of test bacteria was given by quaternary ammonium based disinfectants; Dex50, Dex53, Deson-AF and Mzid-S. A comparable average log reduction of test bacteria was noted (7.0, 7.2 and 7.3) for Deson-AF, Dex.50 and Dex.53 respectively. In contrast HiBi as an alcoholic based antiseptic gave the highest average log reduction (7.2) gainst tested bacteria. Desman, Emed and Wipol antiseptics had poor antibacterial activity on tested bacteria causing almost undetectable log reduction in cell viability. From contamination point of view, five critical departments in Tripoli Medical Centre (TMC) namely; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Surgical ICU, Dermatology, Oncology, and Urology departments were found contaminated with six types of bacteria. Bacillus cereuses followed by lebscilla pneumonia were the most bacteria spread in whole five mentioned departments, particularly in dermatology department. Staphylococcus haemolyticus was next most widespread bacterium and almost isolated qually from the five medical departments. Acinetobacter baumannii had been isolated from Neonatal ICU; whereas Staphylococcus aureus and seudomonas aeruginosa had been isolated from Oncology Department and Surgical ICU respectively. In addition, Dex36, Chlor, Chlor, Wipol, Desman and E-med exhibited bacterial contaminationin both capacity and in-use ests.
آمال منصور إبراهيم (2016)

virus infection continues to be an important public health concern with regard to blood transfusion in Libya and in Africa. This concern is related to the screening test. Objectives: The main aim of this study to investigate the blood donors samples for HIV, HBV and HCV infections in Tripoli-Libya, North Africa during the first five months of 2015. Methods: The total of 686 blood samples obtained from healthy blood donors who attended Tripoli’s central blood bank, were tested for HBsAg, HCV and HIV using the VITROS® 3600 Immunodiagnostic System. Results: From the 686 samples examined, the frequency of HBsAg positive cases was 0.8%, the number of anti-HBc positive samples was found to be particularly high in the age group 29 and 36 years (p= 0.0001). The number of anti-HBc positive samples was found to be particularly high in the age group 30-39 years (p= 0.01). Most occupation that had positivity with anti-HBc and HBV-DNA were free workers and was less in students. Most positive cases were from east of Tripoli the capital (Tagora, Soq-Aljomaha). Conclusion: The frequency of HBsAg positive blood donors and anti-HBc among this sample was 0.8% and 0.7% respectively, which is low compared with the international findings. The current study estimated the expected exclusion rate of anti-HBc and HBsAg positive donated blood, as this would be an important factor to consider before donation. arabic 16 English 63
Basma Mohamed K Doro(9-2015)