The poor rate of drug discovery for the control of Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) including schistosomiasis has necessitated effective management of existing drugs by modulating their delivery. Nanotechnology-based colloidal drug carriers have been explored to improve the activity and safety profile of drugs for NTDs including parasitic diseases. In developing new drug delivery systems for schistosomiasis, research efforts have focused mainly on Praziquantel (PZQ) as the sole antischistosomal agent in current clinical practice. Carrier systems of the polymer, inorganic and lipid-based type have been investigated for the delivery of PZQ. However, promising results were obtained using lipid-based delivery systems including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers and nanoemulsions. Selection of these lipid carrier systems has been based on the lipophilicity of PZQ, controlled drug release, potential increase in its bioavailability by promoting lymphatic absorption to bypass the extensive first pass effect biodistribution to the host liver and enhancement of PZQ interaction with the worm tegument of a similar phospholipid nature.
Sakina Salem Mohammed Saadawi(2-2022)

نبات القازول Allium roseum L نبات ينتمي إلى الفصيلة البصلية Alliaceae مستوطنا في شمال أفريقيا. يستعمل هذا النبات خلال فصل الربيع في إعداد بعض الوجبات الشعبية كما يستعمل كبديل عن الثوم Allium sativum.يستهدف هذا البحث دراسة الكيمياء النباتية لنبات القازول لمعرفة المواد الفعالة ولمعرفة القيمة الغذائية ومعرفة تأثيره كمضاد للتأكسد وكمضاد للتخثر.خضعت الأزهار والأبصال الطازجة كلا على حدة إلى التقطير البخاري وذلك لاستخلاص الزيوت الطيارة. كما خضعت الأزهار والأبصال المجففة في الظل للاستخلاص عن طريق عملية النقع في الميثانول في درجة حرارة الغرفة.طبقا لطرق التحاليل الكيميائية المرخصة (AOAC 2002) فإن النتائج أثبتت أن النبات يعتبر مصدرا جيدا للبروتين والدهون والألياف والسكريات حيث كانت (13.436 ±0.23, ,5.503 ±0.26 31.032 ±0.0و29.839±0.19) متتابعة بالنسبة للأزهار؛ (19.361 ±0.26, ,14.813 ±0.09 15.803 ±0.06 و34.714±0.9) متتابعة بالنسبة للأبصال.تم التعرف على التركيب الكيميائي للزيوت الطيارة والمستخلص الميثانولي لكل من الأزهار والأبصال عن طريق استخدام جهاز GC-MS. النتائج بينت أن المركب Triacoctane (40.47%) والمركب Isoelemicin (30.27%) كمكونين أساسيين بالنسبة للزيت الطيار للأزهار؛ والمركب 9,12Tetradecadien1ol,acetate,(Z,E) (88.43%) كمكون أساسي بالنسبة للزيت الطيار المستخلص من للأبصال. كما تم تحليل مستخلصات الميثانول بواسطة GC-MS وتم التعرف على مجموعة من المركبات.هذه الدراسة كشفت أن النبات له تأثير معتدل ضد التأكسد مقارنة بفيتامين ج؛ وأن معدل التأثير المضاد للتأكسد بالنسبة للأزهار أكبر من الأبصال.كما تم دراسة التأثير الخارجي المضاد للتجلط المعروف باسم (وقت البروثرومبين) لمستخلصي الميثانول بأحجام مختلفة (25, 50 و75 ميكروليتر) حيث اختبرت على عينات دم لأشخاص طبيعيين بواسطة قياس وقت البروثرومبين. حيث وجد أنه يزداد الوقت المطلوب للتجلط بازدياد الحجم المضاف من المستخلص وأن مستخلص الأزهار له فعالية أقوى من مستخلص الأبصال .Abstract: This study deals with the chemical characterization of a medicinal and an aromatic plant of the Libyan flora: Allium roseum L, and aimed to identify new bioactive natural compounds in its flowers and bulbs, determine the nutrient and bioactive compounds and screening for their possible antioxidant and anticoagulant properties. The chemical composition of essential oils steam-distillized as well as methanolic extracts of both flowers and bulbs were analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed that the Triacoctane and Isoelemicin were detected as the major components of the flowers essential oil (40.47, 30.27%) repectively. For bulbs essential oil showed that 9,12Tetradecadien1ol, acetate, (Z, E) was detected as the major component (88.43%). The GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extracts of the flowers and bulbs of A. roseum showed the presence of: five compounds in flowers methanolic extract, in terms of percentage amounts 10,13-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (19.92%), 2,2-dimethoxybutane(17.55%), Furan,tetrahydro-2,5-dimethyl (12.02 %) and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (11.68 %); and nineteen compounds in methanolic extract of bulbs, in terms of percentage amounts: Heptadecane (13.96%), Octadecane (10.84%), Tetradeca-(9z,12e)-dienyl acetate (10.47%) and Hexadecane (8.97 %)were predominant in the extract. Association of the official analytical chemists methods (2002) are used for nutritional analysis of flowers and bulbs of A. roseum. Results indicated that this plant is an excellent source ofproteins, fats, fibers and carbohydrates (13.436 ±0.23, 5.503 ±0.26, 31.032 ±0.04 and 29.839±0.19) respectively for flowers and (19.361 ±0.26, 14.813 ±0.09, 15.803 ±0.06 and 34.714±0.9) respectively for bulbs. The study revealed that, A.roseum L had moderate antioxidant, scavenging effect of methanolic extracts of flowers and bulbs when compared with standards (ascorbic acid and quercetin). IC50 (µg/ml) 5 min following the order: quercetin (1.08) < ascorbic acid (2.14) < flower extract (116.17) < bulb extract. Free radical scavenging activity of these samples also increased with an increasing concentration. In vitro anticoagulant effects of methanolic extracts of both flowers and bulbs of A. roseum in different volumes (25, 50 and 75 μL) were examined in the blood samples of normal individuals by measuring prothrombin time (PT). The methanolic extracts of flowers and bulbs of A. roseum were found to inhibit coagulation process in vitro and significantly prolonged prothrombin time in a dose-dependent manner. Methanolic extract of flowers was more potent in prothrombin time prolongation than methanolic extract of bulbs. All results in this project were investigated for the first time on Libyan A. roseum L.
عبد العزيز شرف الدين سويدان (2015)

Acetylmelodorinol, chrysin and polycarpol, together with benzoic acid, benzoquinone and stigmasterol were isolated from the leaves of Mitrella kentii (Bl.) Miq. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production in human whole blood using a radioimmunoassay technique. Their inhibitory effect on platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor binding to rabbit platelet was determined using 3H-PAF as a ligand. Among the compounds tested, chrysin showed a strong dose-dependent inhibitory activity on PGE2 production (IC50 value of 25.5 μM), which might be due to direct inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymatic activity. Polycarpol, acetylmelodorinol and stigmasterol exhibited significant and concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on TXB2 production with IC50 values of 15.6, 19.1 and 19.4 μM, respectively, suggesting that they strongly inhibited COX-1 activity. Polycarpol and acetylmelodorinol showed strong dose-dependent inhibitory effects on PAF receptor binding with IC50 values of 24.3 and 24.5 μM, respectively. arabic 23 English 159
Sakina Salem Mohammed Saadawi, Juriyati Jalil, Malina Jasamai, Ibrahim Jantan(4-2012)