Aims: The study is intended to compare the freshly collected henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) and the market henna in term of microscopical key elements and heavy metals contamination. Moreover, this study is aimed to investigate the effect of henna and its oily additives on kidney histology in female mice. Study Design: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli and Animals House, Biotechnology Research Center in 2010. Methodology: The powders of collected and market henna have been subjected to a microscopical study with magnification of 5x then 40 x to investigate the henna key elements, which are calcium oxalate clusters, anomocytic stomata, starch grains and fibers. Three elements: arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pd) were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAs) for the collected and market henna. For histopathological study, an aqueous extracts of L. inermis leaves and L. inermis leaves-oils were prepared by maceration. Eighteen female Albino Wister mice (3-4-months, 20-25 gm) were injected with the prepared extracts subcutaneously by dose 50 ml/kg/day for 5 days. Kidneys were collected and subjected to histopathological study. Results: From this study, the microscopical investigation exhibited the presence of some elements which are never mentioned as the henna key elements. Both market and collected henna were contaminated with a high level of heavy metals specially lead (Pd). The histopathological findings implied that there are many histological changes on the kidney tissues such as aggregation of round cells and congestion of blood vessels. Conclusion: The market henna might be adulterated with other types of plant. The presence of a high concentration of lead (Pd) in the collected henna as well as the market henna might be considered as the cause of some L. inermis adverse effects. L. inermis leaves and L. inermis leaves-oils aqueous extracts implied many abnormalities in the kidney tissues. arabic 17 English 102
Sakina S. Saadawi, Hanin N. Mughrbi, Mukhtar R. Haman, Surur A. Ahmed, Laila A. Ghashout, Elsayed R. Elattar(5-2020)

نبات القازول Allium roseum L نبات ينتمي إلى الفصيلة البصلية Alliaceae مستوطنا في شمال أفريقيا. يستعمل هذا النبات خلال فصل الربيع في إعداد بعض الوجبات الشعبية كما يستعمل كبديل عن الثوم Allium sativum.يستهدف هذا البحث دراسة الكيمياء النباتية لنبات القازول لمعرفة المواد الفعالة ولمعرفة القيمة الغذائية ومعرفة تأثيره كمضاد للتأكسد وكمضاد للتخثر.خضعت الأزهار والأبصال الطازجة كلا على حدة إلى التقطير البخاري وذلك لاستخلاص الزيوت الطيارة. كما خضعت الأزهار والأبصال المجففة في الظل للاستخلاص عن طريق عملية النقع في الميثانول في درجة حرارة الغرفة.طبقا لطرق التحاليل الكيميائية المرخصة (AOAC 2002) فإن النتائج أثبتت أن النبات يعتبر مصدرا جيدا للبروتين والدهون والألياف والسكريات حيث كانت (13.436 ±0.23, ,5.503 ±0.26 31.032 ±0.0و29.839±0.19) متتابعة بالنسبة للأزهار؛ (19.361 ±0.26, ,14.813 ±0.09 15.803 ±0.06 و34.714±0.9) متتابعة بالنسبة للأبصال.تم التعرف على التركيب الكيميائي للزيوت الطيارة والمستخلص الميثانولي لكل من الأزهار والأبصال عن طريق استخدام جهاز GC-MS. النتائج بينت أن المركب Triacoctane (40.47%) والمركب Isoelemicin (30.27%) كمكونين أساسيين بالنسبة للزيت الطيار للأزهار؛ والمركب 9,12Tetradecadien1ol,acetate,(Z,E) (88.43%) كمكون أساسي بالنسبة للزيت الطيار المستخلص من للأبصال. كما تم تحليل مستخلصات الميثانول بواسطة GC-MS وتم التعرف على مجموعة من المركبات.هذه الدراسة كشفت أن النبات له تأثير معتدل ضد التأكسد مقارنة بفيتامين ج؛ وأن معدل التأثير المضاد للتأكسد بالنسبة للأزهار أكبر من الأبصال.كما تم دراسة التأثير الخارجي المضاد للتجلط المعروف باسم (وقت البروثرومبين) لمستخلصي الميثانول بأحجام مختلفة (25, 50 و75 ميكروليتر) حيث اختبرت على عينات دم لأشخاص طبيعيين بواسطة قياس وقت البروثرومبين. حيث وجد أنه يزداد الوقت المطلوب للتجلط بازدياد الحجم المضاف من المستخلص وأن مستخلص الأزهار له فعالية أقوى من مستخلص الأبصال .Abstract: This study deals with the chemical characterization of a medicinal and an aromatic plant of the Libyan flora: Allium roseum L, and aimed to identify new bioactive natural compounds in its flowers and bulbs, determine the nutrient and bioactive compounds and screening for their possible antioxidant and anticoagulant properties. The chemical composition of essential oils steam-distillized as well as methanolic extracts of both flowers and bulbs were analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed that the Triacoctane and Isoelemicin were detected as the major components of the flowers essential oil (40.47, 30.27%) repectively. For bulbs essential oil showed that 9,12Tetradecadien1ol, acetate, (Z, E) was detected as the major component (88.43%). The GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extracts of the flowers and bulbs of A. roseum showed the presence of: five compounds in flowers methanolic extract, in terms of percentage amounts 10,13-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (19.92%), 2,2-dimethoxybutane(17.55%), Furan,tetrahydro-2,5-dimethyl (12.02 %) and Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (11.68 %); and nineteen compounds in methanolic extract of bulbs, in terms of percentage amounts: Heptadecane (13.96%), Octadecane (10.84%), Tetradeca-(9z,12e)-dienyl acetate (10.47%) and Hexadecane (8.97 %)were predominant in the extract. Association of the official analytical chemists methods (2002) are used for nutritional analysis of flowers and bulbs of A. roseum. Results indicated that this plant is an excellent source ofproteins, fats, fibers and carbohydrates (13.436 ±0.23, 5.503 ±0.26, 31.032 ±0.04 and 29.839±0.19) respectively for flowers and (19.361 ±0.26, 14.813 ±0.09, 15.803 ±0.06 and 34.714±0.9) respectively for bulbs. The study revealed that, A.roseum L had moderate antioxidant, scavenging effect of methanolic extracts of flowers and bulbs when compared with standards (ascorbic acid and quercetin). IC50 (µg/ml) 5 min following the order: quercetin (1.08) < ascorbic acid (2.14) < flower extract (116.17) < bulb extract. Free radical scavenging activity of these samples also increased with an increasing concentration. In vitro anticoagulant effects of methanolic extracts of both flowers and bulbs of A. roseum in different volumes (25, 50 and 75 μL) were examined in the blood samples of normal individuals by measuring prothrombin time (PT). The methanolic extracts of flowers and bulbs of A. roseum were found to inhibit coagulation process in vitro and significantly prolonged prothrombin time in a dose-dependent manner. Methanolic extract of flowers was more potent in prothrombin time prolongation than methanolic extract of bulbs. All results in this project were investigated for the first time on Libyan A. roseum L.
عبد العزيز شرف الدين سويدان (2015)

Aims. The aim of this study was to assess the phytochemical screening and antibacterial effect of the aerial parts of G. alypum cultivated in Libya. Methods. The methanolic extract of G. alypum (at concentrations 100 mg/ml, 300 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml and 700 mg/ml) were tested against 13 different strains of standard bacteria (ATCC) by four different methods; paper disc diffusion method, well diffusion method, broth dilution method and finally study the effect of extract on growth curve of bacterial cell were studied. Results. The results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, reducing sugars, tannins, saponins, coumarins, steroids, terpenoids, carotenoids, antraquinones and glycosides. While the results of antibacterial tests showed remarkable inhibition of the bacterial growth, with maximum inhibition on growth of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus aureus. Moderate effect on growth of Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Aeromonas hydrophila and Salmonella poona. While, the lowest inhibition showed in Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes. However, the extract did not have any effect on Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Klabsiella pneumonia. Conclusion. The methanolic extract of Globularia alypumaerial parts contain the most important constituents with positive results during phytochemical screening, and have antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Basma Doro, Abdulruzag Auzi, Suad Shanab(5-2021)