Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the Serum levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and phosphorus were determined in one-humped camels (Camelus Dromedarius) of different age, sex and maternal status of female camels. Eighty-seven of apparently healthy one-humped camels aged from less than two years old to fifteen years old were used in this study. Animals were categorized into three age groups [< 2years (23), 2-5 years (14) and > 5 years (50)], two sex groups [males (37) and females (50)] and three maternal status groups [non-pregnant (13), pregnant (12), lactating (12)]. The total levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and phosphate were 148.1, 6.4, 112.3, 9.4, 2.2 and 7.2, respectively. The age of camel was found to be significantly effect the level of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. While, the sex of camel had a significant effect on phosphorus. Meanwhile, the maternal status of female did not affect the blood electrolytes. It conclude that, the calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentration change with advance age. While, sex of animal had only a significant effect on phosphorus.
أنس عبدالله احمد سلامه (2016)

The aim of this study was to carry out a serological survey of antibodies against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) in 1500 one day old broiler chickens sera were examined by serum plate agglutination test. Antibodies against MG and MS were detected 3.4% and 6.4%, respectively. The seroprevalence of MG was 5.2% in chickens from imported fertile eggs and 0% in chickens from local fertile eggs, whereas for MS was 9.3% in chickens from imported fertile eggs and 0.8% in chicks from local fertile eggs.
Salah M. Azwai(1-2013)

An outbreak of gout was investigated in a growing layers farm of 45000 birds located in Tripoli, Libya. Mortality was commenced at 39 days-old reaching to a total of 489 birds within 10 days. Post mortem was conducted and kidney tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin prior to processing. Feed samples were sent to the Animal Nutrition Department for analysis which revealed 23.47% crude protein and 3.5% calcium. Gross lesions comprised of deposition of chalky white material covering the pericardium and enlarged kidneys with necrotic foci, hemorrhage and nephrosis. Most of birds showed swollen ureter of one or both sides. Histopathologically, severe damage of tubules characterized by moderate to severe tubular dilation and necrosis and central bluish gouty deposition surrounded by radiations of needle like urate crystals followed by granulomatous reaction of lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts. The collecting renal tubules, urinephric ducts and ureters were also filled by gouty deposits with epithelial hyperplastic changes and chronic inflammatory cellular reaction in their walls. The interstitial tissue showed edema, congestion, hemorrhage and lymphomononuclear cell infiltration. This gout outbreak in growing layers is attributed to high concentration of crude protein and calcium in diet.
Ibrahim Eldaghayes(1-2010)