Salvia officinalis L. is a Mediterranean species, naturalized in many countries. The composition of essential oil isolated from Salvia officinalis L, wild growing in Libya, was analyzed. In this study, essential oils from fresh and dry leaves of Salvia officinalis L, Libya, were extracted with ethanol, hexane or chloroform as solvents using Soxhlet apparatus and the extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. Each solvent showed differences in the extraction yields between fresh and dry leaves. Physical constants of the extracts were shown variation in color, viscosity, density, PH and percentage of production between fresh and dry leaves for each solvent. GC-MS results showed that ethanol could extract the most compounds compared to hexane and chloroform from both fresh and dry leaves. In total 41, 28 and 31 compounds were identified in the essential oils of fresh and dry leaves of Salvia officinalis L using ethanol, hexane or chloroform respectively. For each solvent the number of compounds extracted from dry leaves was bigger than the number extracted from fresh leaves. arabic 33 English 104
ABUBAKER A BASHIR ATRROG, abdunnaser mohamed mohamed megrahi, Fathia Mousa H Altalhi(4-2018)

دراسة نقدية تتحدث عن الثقافة الجاهلية القديمة ودورها في بناء القصيدة الجاهلية. والجاهلية القديمة ليست من الجهل الذي هو ضد العلم؛ بل كان للعرب معارف وعلوم، وانطبع من ذلك في البناء الفني للقصيدة ما يمكن دراسته وتحليله.
محمد الصادق سالم الخازمي(4-2008)

Many classrooms utilize discussion boards to aid the teaching and learning process. This research paper examines the use of the discussion board academically and on a social scale. It is a case study analysing the incorporationof two Viber discussion boardsamongsttwo professional development courses designed for pre-service and in-service teachers of Libyan schools. The aim is to use the discussionboard as a means of exchanging ideas, requesting explanations, and inquiring information from trainees and their instructors. The data collected is analyzed qualitatively using content analysis, then coded into three initial coding schemes. A questionnaire was also distributed amongst the members of the discussion boards. The findings bring to light that utilizing discussion boards as a method of collaboration enhances the communication process amongst the participants and strengthens the educational process. It furthermore displayed the crucial role an instructor plays in a discussion board.
Tasneem enbaya, Nadia Nuseir(1-2021)