Abstract The main objective of this research is studying the effect laser parameters on the linear energy absorption mechanism of laser produced plasma in under critical density zone as a result of high power laser incidence. The work is based on a model designed for CO2 laser which was improved in other studies to include different wavelength considering the type of the plasma material. The results have shown that the total absorbed laser energy per unit length increases with the increase of the laser power, the focal laser of the beam, the atomic number of the plasma material and the laser pulse duration, and decreases according to the increase of the wavelength of the laser light moreover there is an optimum angle in which the laser energy per length unit has its maximum magnitude.
عز الدين الهاشمي للاموج (2015)

في منتصف القرن الثامن عشر قدم العالم السويسري ليونارد أويلر ((1787-1707 الحل للمعادلة حيث وسع حقل الاعداد الحقيقية إلى حقل جديد يكون فيه للمعادلة السابقة حل وهو ماسمي فيما بعد بحقل الأعداد المركبة, حيث صاغ أويلر العدد المركب على الصورة ولكن صيغة أويلر تطرح بعض الاسئلة المنطقية عن إشارة في صورة العدد المركب قبل تعريف عملية جمع الأعداد المركبة, إلى أن جاء العالم الايرلندي- بعد حوالى قرن من الزمان- ويليام رون هاملتون ( (1865-1805عرف جبر الاعداد المركبة على أنه مع عملية الجمع المعتادة والضرب المركب وكان لهذا الجبر نتائج هامة ضمنها تعريف الدوال الاسية والمثلثية بحيث تكون تعميم لنظائرها في التحليل الحقيقي.في هذا البحث نحاول تعميم الدوال الاسية والمثلثية في متغيرين في أنظمة جبرية غير الأعداد المركبة وندرس كيف أن هذا التعريف يعتمد على تعريف عمليات الضرب (الدوال ثنائية الخطية) على كما سنثبت أن هذه الدوال لها الخواص الأسية والمثلثية المشهورة مثل : ثم نتعرض لكيفية تعريف الاشتقاق , ,, بحيث نجد مشتقاتها تتوافق مع التصورات السابقة مثل: وسوف يتبين في هذه الدراسة أن هذا التعميم ينطبق , على الدوال الاولية المركبة كحالة خاصة. Abstract In the eighteen century the Swiss mathematician Leonard Euler introduced the solution of the equation , by that he extended the field of real numbers to the new one which make the above equation possible to solve, that field is called later the field of complex numbers. Euler wrote a complex number in the form. But Euler's notation raises logical questions about the + in the notation. A quite satisfactory definition of complex numbers is due the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton. According to Hamilton the algebra of complex numbers, C is defined aswith the usual operations. That algebra has many important results includes the definition of the exponential and trigonometric functions to be generalization to its analog in the real analysis. In this thes is we try to extend the definitions of the exponential and trigonometric functions in two variables to include algebras distinct from the complex numbers and we study how this definition depends on the definition of multiplication (bilinear functions) on, and we well show that the functions have the same familiar exponential and trigonometric properties as , , , And we will present the definition of differentiation such that we find derivatives compatible with previous visions such as , And we try to prove this generalization compatible with the complex elementary functions as a special case.
محمد ابو القاسم ابو عجيلة (2010)

In this study, the linear structural relationship model’s slope parameter is determined by using the proposed robust nonparametric method based on trimmed mean. This method is an upgrade to the nonparametric method that was put forward by Al-Nasser and Ebrahem (2005) by employing trimmed mean for all likely paired slopes rather than median slopes. Simulation study and real data were used to compare the proposed method’s performance versus the traditional maximum likelihood method. In the simulation study, based on both methods’ mean square error, it was inferred that the MLE method breaks down due to the presence of outliers even though its functioning was not affected when there was no outlier in the data set. Based on the real life example, it can be concluded that the performance of our proposed method was quite well in determining slope parameter
Amel Saad Alshargawi, (1-2022)