Thin films of cobber doped ZnO have been prepared on glass substrate using the Sol-Gel spin coating technique. The effect of doping percentage of Cu to ZnO thin films on the optical properties and optical constants are concluded from absorption and transmission measurements which are obtained by using double beam UV-Visible 1800 spectrophotometer in the wavelength (300-800)nm. It was found that the transmittance increases with increasing the doping percentage (0.01, 0.02,0.03 and 0.04)mol%, while the Absorbance is decreased. The optical energy band gaps have been evaluated and their values seem to be decreased by increasing the doping concentration level in the range (0.01, 0.02, 0.03)mol% followed by a rise with increasing the doping level to 0.04mol%. arabic 17 English 84
Fawzeia Khamis(9-2020)

هذا البحث يقدم نماذج العيب للبرمجة بلغة السي أثناء تنفيد البرامج، نماذج العيب تزود تحليل للعيب/ الفشل موضحاً كيف يمكن للعيب في البرمجة بلغة السي أن يسبب تغيير حالة البيانات في البرنامج لتصبح حاطئة، وكيف أن تلك البيانات الخاطئة يمكن أن تستمر إلى الحالة النهائية للبرنامج، وبذلك يظهر الفشل Failure. نماذج العيب أيضاً تتضمن دليل لأنواع العيوب التي يعتقد أنها تمثل العيوب التي من المحتمل أن تكون مقدمة في البرامج من قبل مبرمجين يكتبون برامج لغة السي. كل نوع من هذه العيوب يكون موصوفاً في شروط حسب العيب الذي يظهر في محتوى برنامج لغة السي الأصلي وكذلك كيف يمكن أن يسبب التأثير في حالة البرنامج. أنواع العيوب تكون محددة من التحليل الدقيق لقواعد اللغة syntaxes ومعانيها semantics للبرامج المكتوبة بلغة السي. نماذج العيب يمكن أن تساعد المختبرين والمبرمجين لتحديد الأماكن في البرنامج التي غالباً ما تظهر فيها العيوب، نماذج العيب يمكن أن تكون أساساً جيداً لتصنيف العيب وإختبار التغيير وتفتيش البرنامج وتقييم إستراتيجيات الإختبار للبرامج المكتوبة بلغة السي. أمثلة معطاة لتبين النماذج الملائمة لهذه الأغراض. Abstract This thesis presents a fault models for C programming (Turbo C, version 3.0) in run-time of programs. The fault models provide a fault/failure analysis of how a fault in C programming can cause a data state change in the program to become corrupted, and how that erroneous data can propagate to the final state of the program, thereby manifesting a failure. The fault models also include a catalog of fault types that are believed to represent faults likely to be introduced in programs by programmers writing C code. Each type of fault is described in terms of how it appears syntactically in source code as well as in how it can cause an infection of program state. The fault types are identified from a careful analysis of the syntaxes and the semantics of C programs. The fault models can help testers and programmers identify places in a program where faults are most likely to appear, and identify what kinds of faults to look out for when using certain feature in C language. The fault models is claimed to be a good foundation for fault seeding, mutation testing, program inspections, and evaluation of testing strategies for C programs. Examples are given that demonstrate the model’s suitability for these purposes.
وفاء حسين محمود المصباحي (2010)

Swirl stabilised combustion is one of the most successful technologies for flame stabilisation in gas turbine combustors. Lean premixed combustion systems allow the reduction of NOx coupled with fair flame stability. The swirl mechanism produces an aerodynamic region known as central recirculation zone (CRZ) providing a low velocity region where the flame speed matches the flow velocity, thus anchoring the flame whilst serving to recycle heat and active chemical species to the root of the former. Another beneficial feature of the CRZ is the enhancement of the mixing in and around this region. However, the mixing and stabilisation processes inside of this zone have shown to be extremely complex. The level of swirl, burner outlet configuration and combustor expansion are very important variables that define the features of the CRZ. The complex fluid dynamics and lean conditions pose a problem for stabilization of the flame. The problem is even more acute when alternative fuels are used for flexible operation. Therefore, in this paper swirling flame dynamics are investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with commercial software (ANSYS). A new generic swirl burner operated under lean-premixed conditions was modelled. A variety of nozzles were analysed using isothermal case to recognize the the behavers of swirl . The investigation was based on recognising the size and strength of the central recirculation zones. The dimensions and turbulence of the Central Recirculation Zone were measured and correlated to previous experiments. The results show how the strength and size of the recirculation zone are highly influenced by both the shear layer surrounding the Central Recirculation Zones (CRZ) and outlet configurations. arabic 11 English 64
Adel Diyaf, Hesham Baej, Adel Akair, Salem Adeilla, Abdurahman Kraiem(9-2018)