Metronidazole is an antiprotozoal drug which is also effective against anaerobic bacteria. The availability of several brands of Metronidazole tablets in Libyan pharmacies today places health practitioners and a pharmacist in a problem of drug substitution in case of a particular brand is not available. The aim of the present study was the evaluation and comparison of pharmaceutical equivalence of five different Metronidazole coated tablets 500 mg, which are commercially available in the private pharmacies in Tripoli city, produced by various pharmaceutical companies with different trade names. The pharmaceutical quality of five brands of Metronidazole tablets was analyzed using official and unofficial quality control tests prescribed in different Pharmacopoeia including uniformity of weight, thickness, hardness, disintegration time, drug content as well as dissolution rate and assay. Acceptable external features as well as uniformity in diameter and thickness were revealed for all the tablets. The entire selected brands complied with the official specifications for uniformity of weight, hardness and disintegration, they released more than 75% of their drug content within 45 minutes. It can be concluded that all the brands could be regarded as bioequivalent and therefore can be interchanged in the clinical practice; this sort of study is good indicator for the evaluation of the idealness of commercial products and showed the importance of post marketing investigation for the drugs imported and distributed in Libya.
Sakina Salem Saadawi(12-2021)

نبات الفيجل (Ruta graveolens) يتبع عائلة (Rutaceae) تم تجميعه من منطقة عين زارة (حولى 15 كيلو متر جنوب طرابلس). جنس Ruta متوطن في منطقة حوض البحر المتوسط يضم حوالي 60 نوع، ينشر على طول حوض البحر المتوسط و في مناطق الحارة من قارة اسيا. في ليبيا يوجد نوعان من هذا النبات و هما R.chalpensis and R.graveolens الأبحاث السابقة على انواع مختلفة تابعة لجنس Ruta اظهرت احتوائها عدة مركبات منها القلويدات، فلافونيدات، الزيوت الطياؤة الجليكوسايدات، الكيومارين و الستيرولس. من خلال الكشف الكيميائي المبدئى تبين ان المستخلص الميثانولى لنبات الفيجل يحوى على: فلافونيدات، جلايكوسيدات، كربوهيدرات، قلويدات، صابونين تانين، كيومارين وستريودات. مادة الروتن Rutin وهي عبارة عن مادة فلافونيدية تم فصلها من مستخلص نبات الفيجل بواسطة عمود الكرماتوغرافيا و تم حساب نسبتها في المستخلص حيث وجدت 2,3%، و تم تقييم المستخلص و مادة الروتن المفصولة من حيث نشاطه المضاد للاكسدة باستعمال طريقة ال DPPH وتبين وجود نشاط ملحوظ كمضاد للاكسدة مقارنة بالمادة القياسية للروتين Rutin .كما اظهر المستخلص الميثانولى للنبات نشاط مضاد لنمو بكتيريا staph aereus بينما لم تظهر مادة الروتن اى نشاط مضاد للبكتيريا، كما لم يظهر المستخلص الميثانولى و مادة الروتن اى نشاط مضاد لفطر الCandida. Abstract: Ruta graveolens (rue) (Family Rutaceae) is locally known as "Fejjil", which was collected from Ain Zara (15Km, south of Tripoli). The genus of Ruta, It features mainly shrubby plants, native to the Mediterranean region. About 60 species in Mediterranean region and temperate Asia; 2 species are found in Libya. R.chalepensis L, and R.graveolens. In this study a preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanol extract of R. graveolens revealed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, cumarines and steroids. Rutin bioflavonoid was isolated by column chromatography from methanol extract of R. graveolens the calculate quantity and found that the % of rutin in leaves extract was 2.33% w/w. The methanol extract of R. graveolens and isolated rutin were assessed for antioxidant activity using DPPH assay, where it showed significant level of free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity in comparison with standard rutin. The methanol extract of R. Graveolens showed antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aeures while isolated rutin showed no activity, also R.graveolens extract has no effect against candida strains.
محمد عبدالله سعد (2012)

Vigorous research has been conducted into the phenology of the shea tree, its usage and that of the shea butter extracted from the nuts of the shea fruit. Shea butter is the most valuable product in the Shea tree and its use as raw or in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products was expanded in the last years. The aim was to carry out comparative study between imported South African raw Shea Butter, one sample from Poland and samples from Libyan market on their physical properties (organoleptic), thin layer chromatography (TLC) chromatogram, phytochemical screening and diphenylpicrylhydrazil (DPPH) scavenging activity. As well as antimicrobial screening. Organoleptic test was carried out by comparing color and odor. TLC chromatogram was performed by spotting solution of samples in hexane on TLC plate and eluted twice in hexane: ethylacetate 8:2 to get good separation. Phytochemical screening was performed to determine the presence of carbohydrates (Fehling test), steroids, and triterpens (Salkwiski test). DPPH assay was carried out by spraying TLC sample spots by 0.2% DPPH methanolic solution. Antimicrobial test was conducted on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Mueller-Hinton agar was used with ciprofolxacin as +ve control and DMSO as–ve control. As a result, Shea Butter samples showed wide diversity in color and odor which considered normal except two white samples that might undergo refining process, while spreadability and TLC chromatograms were similar. Samples and control showed presence of carbohydrates, steroids and triterpens. Control and samples had DPPH scavenging activity. Shea Butter control and samples had no antimicrobial activities against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. arabic 17 English 111
Sakina Salem Saadawi, Khairi Ali Alennabi, Hanin Nafed Mughrbi, Kholoud Lotfi, Nesrin Saleh Ali Abdulnabi(4-2020)