Abstract The objective of the study is to find a substitute for corn starch and find various options for pharmaceutical industry.Three types of grains were used which were “Hordeum vulgare “Barlay., Orchis mascula” Salep” pannistum americanum “ Pearl millet” starch was extracted from the grains and their disintegration time was measured.Physiochemical screening were used for determining the total value, moisture, protein, fat, fiber, pH, melting point, loss on drying, optical rotation, I.R, solubility, organoleptic evaluation, microbial contamination, swelling index, content of .rbohydrate.Pharmaceutical evaluation was used for determine bulk density, tapped density, average diameter and particle size distribution, starch powder flow properties “angle repose, Hausner’s ratio and cars index. The powder was transformed into granules with the usage of super disintegrant (poly vinyl pyrolidin P.V.P) for many concentrations, the pharmaceutical evaluations above-mentioned were used to measure the disintegration time, and the best result was 7.5% of (P.V.P), this concentration was used in the other formulas. The objective of the study is to find a substitute for corn starch and find various options for pharmaceutical industry. Three types of grains were used which were “Hordeum vulgare “Barlay., Orchis mascula” Salep” pannistum americanum “ Pearl millet” starch was extracted from the grains and their disintegration time was measured.Physiochemical screening were used for determining the total value, moisture, protein, fat, fiber, pH, melting point, loss on drying, optical rotation, I.R, solubility, organoleptic evaluation, microbial contamination, swelling index, content of carbohydrate.Pharmaceutical evaluation was used for determine bulk density, tapped density, average diameter and particle size distribution, starch powder flow properties “angle repose, Hausner’s ratio and cars index.The powder was transformed into granules with the usage of super disintegrant (poly vinyl pyrolidin P.V.P) for many concentrations, the pharmaceutical evaluations above-mentioned were used to measure the disintegration time, and the best result was 7.5% of (P.V.P), this concentration was used in the other formulas. The granules were pressed into tablets by the usage of Apress of 15KN in order to determine the disintegration time. The granules were prepared by wet and dry granulation techniques. The concentrations of the starch were (3%, 9%). Then they were evaluated by pharmaceutical evaluations previously mentioned.The granule was transformed into tablets weight variation, thickness, hardness and disintegration times were determined. From the study results, we noticed that the results of the physiochemical screening are similar to the parameters of Syrian Arab Organization and Metrology. The results revealed the contamination of the starch because of its hygroscopic nature.The results of the wet granulation method was better than dry granulation method and the results of pharmaceutical evaluation were acceptable.The sample with the largest particle size the shortest disintegration time, decrease the concentration of starch lead to rapid penetration of water and an increase in disintegration time.The result of dissolution test was good within the limit of British pharmacopeia
بثينة يوسف مهنى (2016)

The inhibitory effects of Mitrella kentii leaf and stem extracts on the production prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and antagonist effect on platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor binding were evaluated. The inhibition of PGE2 and TXB2 productions were determined using the radioimmunoassay technique, and the inhibitory effect of PAF receptor binding to rabbit platelet was determined using the 3H-PAF as a ligand. Among the extracts tested, ethyl acetate, methanol and hexane leaf extracts, and methanol stems extract showed inhibitory effects on PGE2 and TXB2 productions and antagonistic effect on PAF receptor binding. M. kentii extracts may have the potential of being developed as supplements for inflammatory conditions. arabic 14 English 86
Sakina Salem Mohammed Saadawi, Malina Jasamai, Juriyati Jalil, Ibrahim Jantan(9-2019)

Annona muricata (Graviola) has many medicinal properties and used widely in traditional medicine for treatment various disorders. The present study was conducted to evaluate phytochemical and quality control (QC) of random sample of graviola dietary supplement capsules (DS) which sold in the Libyan market as anticancer product. As well as the present work designed to evaluate heatoprotective effects of aqueous extract of graviola fruit pulp or aqueous DS of graviola capsules against trichloroacetic acid (TCA) induced hepatotoxicity in albino mice. Quality control parameters were determined on random samples of graviola DS using standard methods. A total of 120 female mice were divided into 6 groups and were used for biological screening to determine biochemical and histopathological alteration in liver of mice treated with TCA with or without aqueous extract of A.muricata fruit pulp or DS of graviola. The results of quality control and phytochemical screening revealed that all quality control tests conducted on the random sample of DS capsules of graviola were within normal values according to the standards of the Quality Control Center for Pharmaceuticals in Tripoli, only few samples showed slight increase in the moisture content. However, all samples appeared free from microbial contamination. While, growth of fungal contamination (Pencillium Spp) in the same samples were detected but all samples appeared free from aflatoxins contamination. Also, all samples were free from industrial radioactive contamination. Phytochemical study revealed presence of alkaloids, tannins, steroids, glycosides, falvonoids, anthraquinones, saponin and coumarins in extracts of graviola fruit pulp and graviola DS capsules. However, absence some phytochemical components in DS capsules was detected. The result of biological screening revealed that no clinical signs and abnormalities in behavior and external feature in mice treated with aqueous extract of graviola fruit pulp or aqueous extract of graviola DS capsules. However, the treatment with aqueous extract of graviola fruit pulp and DS of graviola reduced the abnormal changes in behavior and external features in female mice intoxicated with TCA, markedly reduced the mortality in TCA administrated mice and induced slight improvement in the final body weight comparing to TCA only intoxicated group. Biochemical study revealed that administration of aqueous extract of graviola fruit pulp or aqueous extract of DS of graviola significantly decreased the elevated serum activities of AST and ALT compared to TCA only intoxicated mice. Histological examination revealed that administration of aqueous extract of graviola fruit plup or aqueous extract of DS of graviola with TCA induced ameliorative changes and disappearance of the most pathological changes in the liver tissue compared to of TCA only intoxicated mice and the ameliorating changes were more obvious in the mice treated with aqueous extracts of DS of graviola and TCA. The present results demonstrate that A. muricata play an important role in the protection against TCA induced hepatotoxicity. It can be concluded that the present study provide some pharmacological and therapeutical informations about extract of the graviola fruit pulp and DS of graviola capsules which can use in future investigations and applications and demonstrated presence of important phyochemical constituents in the graviola fruit pulp extract and DS of graviola capsules. The extract of the graviola fruit pulp and DS of graviola capsules have protective effects against TCA induced liver toxicity in mice. arabic 33 English 168
Ajlal A. A. Alzergy, Mukhtar R. Haman, Muftah A. M. Shushni, , Fairouz A. Almagtouf (2-2018)