LTE’s study phase began in late 2004. The overall goal was to select technology that would keep 3GPP’s Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) at the forefront of mobile wireless well into the next decade. Key project objectives were set in the following areas: peak data throughput; spectral efficiency; flexible channel bandwidths; latency; device complexity; and overall system cost. The main decision was whether to pursue the objectives by continuing to evolve the existing W-CDMA air interface (which incorporates HSPA (highspeed packet access) or adopt a new air interface based on OFDM. arabic 5 English 27
Mariam Abojela Msaad, Amer R. Zerek, Fareda A. Elmaryami(1-2014)

This paper describes a Fat tree based Network-on- Chip system using MPLS networking technique. A discrete-event simulator has been developed in C++ in in order to demonstrate the applicability of the MPLS to Network-on-Chip systems. The correctness and the efficiency of the MPLS based Fat networkon- chip system is measured against well-known wormhole with virtual channels technique. The results of the MPLS-based NoC in terms of throughput and latency are clearly proves the applicability of the MPLS to implement future NoC designs arabic 8 English 38
Azeddien M. Sllame, Nagwa Abobaker Salama(11-2016)

Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology provides a way of protecting information being transmitted over the Internet, by allowing users to establish a virtual private “tunnel” to securely enter an internal network, accessing resources, data and communications via an insecure network such as the Internet. A VPN is a communications environment in which access is controlled to permit peer connections only within a defined community of interest, and is constructed though some form of partitioning of a common underlying communications medium, where this underlying communications medium provides services to the network on a nonexclusive basis. arabic 6 English 50
Mariam Abojela Msaad, Amer R. Zerek, Hana H. saleh(1-2012)