Biometric systems have a powerful potential to provide security for a variety of applications, systems are nowadays being introduced in many applications and have already been deployed to protect personal computers, Banking machines, credit cards, electronic transactions, airports, high security institutions like nuclear facilities, Military Bases and other applications like borders control, access control, sensitive data protection and on-line tracking systems. While biometrics may improve security in different environments and serve many purposes, biometric systems, like any other security system, have vulnerabilities and are susceptible to threats. they are susceptible to external vulnerabilities of biometric systems so that their weaknesses can be found and useful countermeasures against foreseeable attacks can be developed The increasingly high profile use of biometrics for security purposes has provoked new interest in researching and exploring methods of attacking biometric systems.
Abdulmonam Omar Ahmed Alaswad, Ahlal H. Montaser, Fawzia Elhashmi Mohamad(0-2014)

Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a core networking technology that operates essentially in between Layers 2 and 3 of the OSI model; for this reason, MPLS has been referred to as operating at Layer 2.5. MPLS can overlay existing technologies such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) or Frame Relay, or it can operate in an entirely IP native environment; this can allow users to take advantage of existing Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) while making a move towards converging all network traffic, such as data, video and voice, at a pace that users can accommodate and afford. MPLS provides. its users a number of advantageous features such as traffic engineering, network convergence, failure protection, and the ability to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) over IP. arabic 2 English 27
Mariam Abojela Msaad, Amer R. Zerek , Wesam M. Tohamei(1-2012)

This book chapter describes the place of MPLS in current state-of-the-art computer networking systems which emphasis the use of MPLS as a quality of service technique in different networking environments such as data centers and multimedia networking as a backbone networks. The chapter also includes practical experiments; which applied using OPNET network simulation tool; about transmitting multimedia over IP/MPLS networks and a fat tree data center architecture that employing MPLS. The examples show the feasibility of MPLS as a quality of service tool compared to best-effort IP networks. In addition, this chapter describes an effort of designing a network-on-chip system engaging MPLS mechanism as on-chip communication method which has been completely developed in C++. However, all results clearly confirm that MPLS is an efficient quality of service tool.
Azeddien M. Sllame(4-2021)