ABSTRACT Biocides (disinfectants and antiseptics) are used extensively in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of applications. However, their antibacterial effectiveness is not always well stated by the manufacturers and consumers find it difficult to choose the right product according to their needs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate practically achieves disinfection efficacy of locally available disinfectants and antiseptics on surfaces and infectious microbiological utilities of Tripoli Medical Center (TMC). Fourteen biocides; Ten disinfectants (Dex36, Dex50, Dex53, Mzid-S, Mzid-AF, Deson, Dettol, Seem, Chlor and Wipol) and four antiseptics (HiBi, Esept, Emed and Desman) were tested at concentrations recommended by manufacturers on surfaces, walls and different utilities that were contaminated by locally circulating six isolates of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, staphylococcus aureus, Klebscilla pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using four standard evaluation test procedures (capacity test, diffusion test, in-use test and suspension test). Results showed the highest average log reduction (7.4) of test bacteria was given by quaternary ammonium based disinfectants; Dex50, Dex53, Deson-AF and Mzid-S. A comparable average log reduction of test bacteria was noted (7.0, 7.2 and 7.3) for Deson-AF, Dex.50 and Dex.53 respectively. In contrast HiBi as an alcoholic based antiseptic gave the highest average log reduction (7.2) against tested bacteria. Desman, Emed and Wipol antiseptics had poor antibacterial activity on tested bacteria causing almost undetectable log reduction in cell viability. From contamination point of view, five critical departments in Tripoli Medical Centre (TMC) namely; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Surgical ICU, Dermatology, Oncology, and Urology departments were found contaminated with six types of bacteria. Bacillus cereuses followed by Klebscilla pneumonia were the most bacteria spread in whole five mentioned departments, particularly in dermatology department. Staphylococcus haemolyticus was next most widespread bacterium and almost isolated equally from the five medical departments. Acinetobacter baumannii had been isolated from Neonatal ICU; whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had been isolated from Oncology Department and Surgical ICU respectively. In addition, Dex36, Chlor, Chlor, Wipol, Desman and E-med exhibited bacterial contamination in both capacity and in-use tests. In conclusions, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and combination of QACs with aldehyde formulations were found to be the best disinfectants for disinfection of contaminated surfaces.
آمـــال منصــــور ابراهيـــم(1-2015)

Chapter one [1] 1.1. Background Differential Equation is an equation with unknown function that contains one or more derivatives of the unknown function. The order of the differential equation is the highest derivative in the equation, and the Differential equations can be classified based on the order: I- First order: - just the first derivative appear in the equation. For example II- Higher order: - derivatives higher than the first appear in the equation. For example: ( ) Differential equations can be classified as based on the number of functions that are involved. (1)-A single differential equation is a single unknown function. For example: (2)- A system of differential equations -there is more than one unknown function. For example, together with , Differential equations can be classified as based on the type of unknown function:- (a)-Ordinary - unknown function is a function in a single variable. For exemple: , etc. [2] (b)-Partial - unknown function is a function in more than one variable. For example: An ordinary differential equation ( ) ( ( )) is called non- linear iff the function (t, u) ( ) is non-linear in the second argument. To see that the solutions of the nonlinear system near the origin resemble those of the linearized system. 1.2. Introduction: [11] A nonlinear system refers to a set of nonlinear equations (algebraic, difference, differential, integral, functional, or abstract operator equations, or a combination of some of these) used to describe a physical device or process that otherwise cannot be clearly defined by a set of linear equations of any kind. Dynamical system is used as a synonym for mathematical or physical system when the describing equations represent evolution of a solution with time and, sometimes, with control inputs and/or other varying parameters as well. The theory of nonlinear dynamical systems, or nonlinear control systems if control inputs are involved, has been greatly advanced since the nineteenth century. Today, nonlinear control systems are used to describe a great variety of scientific and engineering phenomena ranging from social, life, and physical sciences to engineering and technology. This theory has been applied to a broad spectrum of problems in physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology, medicine, economics, and various engineering disciplines.
Suad Hamed Omar(1-2015)

مستخمص الد ا رسة : ىدفت ىذه الد ا رسة إلى التعرؼ عمى إمكانية تطبيؽ إست ا رتيجية تنمية الموارد البشرية وأثرىا عمى الث ة التطبي ية والأداء الوظيفي عف مدى إمكانية تطبي و في إدارة جامعة ط ا ربمس محؿ الد ا رسة ومدى وجود فروض ذات دلالة إحصائية لدى عينة الد ا رسة تعزى إلى الخصائص الإست ا رتجية والموارد البشرية و لتطبيؽ أىداؼ الد ا رسة ت استخدا المنيج ال وصفي كأداة لجمع البيانات وتمثؿ مجتمع الد ا رسة لجميع العامميف بإدارة الجامعة محؿ الد ا رسة عددى 3550 بالوحدات الإدارية التابعة لإدارة الجامعة والبالغ عددى 3550 حيث ت اختيار عينة عشوائية بسيطة وقد بمغ عدد مفرداتيا 354 موظفا وموظفة أي بنسبة 9...% مف حج المجتمع الأصمي وقد بمغ عدد الاستما ا رت الخاضعة لمتحميؿ ) 354 ( استمارة شكمت ما نسبة 5...% مف حج المجتمع الأصمي وت تحميؿ بيانات الد ا رسة واختبار فرضيات مف خلاؿ تطبيؽ بعض أدوات التحميؿ الإحصائي الوصفي والاستدلالي الأكثر ملائمة لطبيعة تمؾ البيانات باستخدا حزمة الب ا رمج الإحصائية لمعمو التطبي ية والمعروؼ باختصار spss ومنيا الإحصاء ال وصفي كالتك ا ر ا رت والنسب المئوية لوصؼ خصائص عينة الد ا رسة وحساب المتوسط الحسابي والانح ا رؼ المعياري وأخي ا ر ت استخدا تحميؿ اختبار t-test لاختبار الفرضيات وتحميؿ التبايف الأحادي anovas وتوصمت الد ا رسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج كان أىميا : -1 وقد بينت نتائج الد ا رسة بوجود الرضا التا عف ظروؼ العمؿ حيث كاف المتوسط الحسابي في نتائج الد ا رسة إلى وجود علاقة بيف الإست ا رتجية التوظيفية . -2 الأداء الوظيفي بما أف قيمة معامؿ الارتباط موجبة مما يشير إلى أف العلاقة طردية.
محمد المبروك عبدالله التليسي(1-2022)