Abstract Structural analysis is the mathematical calculation of forces, stresses, and deflections within structures, either as part of the design of those structures or as a tool in understanding the performance of existing structures. There are two broad classes of analysis: classical methods and matrix methods. The distinction is based on theory: classical methods were developed to analyze particular types of simple structures and provide answers by means of analytical formulation; matrix methods which are more general and systematic so that they can be conveniently handle structures of any size and complexity, and are computer-oriented using matrix computations. Both approaches, however, are based on the same three fundamental relations: equilibrium, constitutive, and compatibility. The solutions are approximate when any of these relations are only approximately satisfied. Finite element analysis, which originated as an extension of matrix analysis to surface structures (e.g., plates and shells), has now developed to the extent that it can be applied to structures and solids of practically any shape or form. The application of these methods usually requires an understanding on the part of the analyst of the structural analysis principals. The objective of this thesis is to give comparative study of the methods applied in the structural analysis: Classical, Matrix, and Finite-Element.
مالك أحمد النفاتي (2009)

Abstract Determination of the in-situ engineering properties of subsurface ground materials has always been a challenge for geotechnical engineers. Several in –situ test methods have been developed. Dynamic cone penetration test (DCPT) is one of the in-situ penetration tests which have been widely used to determine the geotechnical parameters of soil. The dynamic cone penetration test (DCPT) is a quick and easy to set up and run onsite. Due to the economy and simplicity of the test, better understanding of correlations between its results and the geotechnical parameters of soil can reduce significantly the efforts and cost to evaluate the engineering properties of ground materials. In this research, a light weight simple DCP device was used for evaluation of some engineering properties of Tripoli sand. The device consisted of an 8kg hammer that drops over a height of 575 mm and drives a 60o cone tip with 20 mm base diameter into the ground. The intention of this investigation is to obtain sufficient data to establish appropriate and reliable correlations among soil parameters and DCPT results. In order to investigate the effect of fine material content on the correlations between the geotechnical parameters and the penetration index (PI) of the DCPT of Tripoli sand, soil samples of different fine material content have been prepared and tested. This research presents the results of the laboratory tests as well as the analysis and discussion of these results. Based on the analysis of test results, the relationships between the DCPT results (penetration index, PI) and the geotechnical parameters of Tripoli sand such as relative density and CBR value are obtained. In this study penetration index of the dynamic cone penetration test from the laboratory prepared samples were correlated with laboratory CBR,s for a number of different soil types. Unique models were found for each type of soil with good coefficient of determination (R2). The combined data gave also a correlation between CBR and penetration index PI which compare very well with those obtained from other studies. There is no clear correlation between the penetration index and both the dry density (gr/cm3) and relative density, with wide scatter and a low coefficient of determination (R2) value.
نورالدين سالم الكثاري (2011)

Abstract In this study, seepage phenomena through the foundation of Megenin dam are investigated. Most of the recorded dam’s failure around the world are related to seepage problems. Therefore to avoid failure of earth dams due to seepage, settlement, and piping, continuous field observations are essential. The Megenin dam is a 38 m high rock fill dam. A concrete cut-off wall and grout curtain were constructed below the dam body to prevent reservoir seepage through the foundation.The dam was constructed in 1972, for two main purposes; first to control floods for the cultivated fields downstream and to protect Tripoli city, secondly to collect water for irrigation. On 15thMay 2003 during the 3rd filling, the water level in the reservoir reached 271.86 m, while seepage water was observed in the wadi bed downstream of the main dam. This phenomena were also observed in previous times. The Piezometric water level was much higher compared to that previously measured. To assess the seepage phenomena and the impact on dam safety, the folowing were applied: the technique of ground penetrating radar survey (GPR), piezometric analysis, and temperature field evaluation. Constructed a flow net model for the dam.The results of the study showed that: GPR profiles describe critical zones in the dam site. Identify the water seepage paths from dam reservoir to down stream of dam.Determine the amount of total water seepage capacity through the dam foundation (Q= 0.08 Ɩ / s ).The essential points to avoid any problem that may occur in the future in Megenin dam due to seepage problems.
ناجي محمد شكشم (2009)