The behavior of reinforced concrete beams containing fibers made of waste plastic straws (WPSs) under the three point bending test is examined. The eect of WPS fiber addition on the compressive and split tensile strength is reported. Four concrete mixes were prepared. The control mix PS-0 had a proportion of 1 cement: 1 sand: 2 coarse aggregate and a water cement ratio of 0.4. In the other three mixes PS-0.5, PS-1.5 and PS-3, 0%, 0.5%, 1.5% and 3% of WPS fiber (by volume) was added respectively. The results show that at 0.5% WPS, there is slight increase in compressive strength. However, beyond 0.5% addition, a decrease in compressive strength is observed. The split tensile strength shows a systematic increase with the addition of WPS fibers. The reinforced concrete beams containing WPS fibers show higher ductility as demonstrated by the larger ultimate tensile strain and ductility index (Du/Dy). There is a tendency to have more fine cracks with the presence of WPS fibers. arabic 9 English 76
Hakim S. Abdelgader(10-2020)

Abstract this study aims to investigate the hydrological cycle at wadi Zaghadnah basin in Tarhuna in terms of (rainfall-surface run-off-evaporation-infiltration) and estimation of the quantity of surface water , and to predict the maximum flood can happen in order to reduce hazardous to houses and farms that are found on my profile of the valley was the use of a series of years of readings rainfall and results have indicated to the fact that annual average rainfall was (238) mm, via using (Isohyetal method).The quantity of water which is supposed to be reserved in the dam was (1.94) million cubic meters. As for rain test, it was found that it is random and non-coherent. Having studied rain-wave relation through application of modelprediction statistical, it was deduced that it is not reliable to depend-upon in forecasting the expected rain. Results have indicated that total evaporation average to (2324.5)mm via using (CROPWAT) and average annual infiltration is (2065.17)mm, and post application of some statistic equations like probability log-Pearson Type ׀׀׀distribution and Gumbels distribution-plotting (25-50-100-1000), maximum possible amount (via using the aforesaid three methods) was found, but due to silt and likely erosion of soils as a result of flooding, silt amounts in Dom lake was estimated by using calculative equations was (5622)m³/year.
عيادة محمد ميلاد اليونسى (2012)

تمثل الطرق العمود الفقري للبلاد والذي تتمحور حوله وحدة البلاد ونموها وتطورها ، ومما لاشك فيه بأن وجود شبكة متطورة من الطرق في الدولة يمكنها من تحقيق أهدافها وسياساتها المختلفة، فالتقدم في تخطيط وتنفيذ الطرق يعمل على تغيير نمط الحياة ورفع مستوى المعيشة ويساهم في تطور ونمو المجتمعات .تناولت هذه الدراسة البحث في موضوع عوامل ومعايير التصميم الهندسي للطرق ، وأستعرضت كلا من إعتبارات التصميم القديمة والعوامل المطورة لها ، والإعتبارات الأساسية الحديثة للتصميم، كما تطرقت إلى العناصر الأساسية والثانوية للتصميم الهندسي للطرق ، وقدمت لمحة عن مدى تأثير تصميم الطريق على سلامة المرور .وتم عمل مقارنة بين معايير التصميم الهندسي للطرق الحضرية مأخوذة من أربع أدلة تصميم مختلفة، والأدلة على التوالي هي :دليل التصميم الهندسي للطرق لولاية أريزونا الأمريكية ، ودليل التصميم الهندسي للطرق لجنوب أفريقيا ، ودليل التصميم الهندسي للطرق للسعودية، ومشروع إعداد دليل معايير التصاميم الهندسية لشبكة الطرق في ليبيا (الجزء الخاص بالطرق الحضرية) ، وأعطت تقييم عن المعايير المطبقة في ليبيا من خلال أمثلة لبعض مقاطع الطرق القائمة في مدينة طرابلس، كما ناقشت بعض المشاكل الناتجة عن عيوب معايير التصميم والتخطيط في المدينة ، وأهم ما قدم من مقترحات لمعالجتها .كما تم عمل دراسة تحليلية ( إستبيان ) كان الغرض منه التوصل إلى مجموعة من الأهداف وهي كالتالي:التعرف على نشاط الدولة الليبية في أعمال تصميم الطرق من عدمه .انطلاقا من أي مرجعية يتم تصميم الطرق في ليبيا ؟مدى اختلاف معايير التصميم باختلاف الفترات الزمنية التي تم فيها التصميم .مدى مواكبة معايير التصميم المستخدمة حالياً في ليبيا للتطور العمراني .مدى تأثير معايير التصميم على السلامة العامة لكل من الركاب والمشاة والبيئة .وختاما وبإستخدام كلا من النتائج المستخلصة من مراجعة مسودة مشروع إعداد دليل معايير التصاميم الهندسية لشبكة الطرق في ليبيا والمقارنة التي تمت بينها- المسودة – وبين الأدلة الأخرى، والنتائج المستخلصة من مراجعة مسودة مشروع إعداد دليل معايير التصاميم الهندسية لشبكة الطرق في ليبيا ومطابقتها للنتائج المتحصل عليها من الدراسة التحليلية (الاستبيان) ، خلُصت الدراسة إلى إستنتاجات وتوصيات يُرى أنها جديرة بكل إهتمام . Abstract Roads constitute the backbone around which revolves the country's unity , growth and development .Undoubtedly the presence of a developed network of roads in the country enables it to achieve its objectives and different policies , progress in roads is conducive to changing the lifestyle , raising the standard of living and contributing to the development and growth of societies.This study researched the factors and engineering design standards for roads and reviewed both the old design considerations and developing factors and basic considerations for modern design, and also addressed the primary and secondary elements of geometric design of roads and provided an overview of the impact of road design on traffic safety. Acomparison was conducted of engineering design criteria for urban roads taken from four different design guides and are respectively: Engineering design manual for roads of the U.S. state of Arizona, Engineering design manual for roads of South Africa, Engineering design manual for roads of Saudi Arabia, The project for preparing a manual of standards of engineering designs for the roads network in Libya (the section on urban roads). The study gave an assessment of the criteria applied in Libya through the examples of some sections of existing roads in the city of Tripoli, also discussed some of the problems resulting from defects in design standards and planning in the city and most important submitted proposals to address such defects.An analytical study ( questionnaire) was designed to reach the following set of goals:Identification of Libya State activity in the works of road design.What is the reference of road design in Libya?Variation of design standards for different time periods in which the design was developed.To what extent are the design criteria – currently used in Libya – are in pace with urban development?Extent of impact of design criteria on public safety for passengers,pedestrians and the environment.In conclusion, by applying the results extracted from reviewing the draft of the project for preparing the manual of criteria of engineering designs for the roads network in Libya and the conducted comparison between this draft and the other evidence and the extracted results from reviewing the draft of the project for preparing the manual of criteria of engineering designs for the roads network in Libya and the subsequent matching of the results obtained from the analytical study (questionnaire), the study reached conclusions and recommendations it deems worthwhile of due attention.
هالة محمد دحيم (2012)