Grouper fish mortality at the East Cost Libyan area of the Mediterranean Sea is one of the major problems encountered at autumn season starting from October. Sudden environmental changes associated with water pollution were recorded. Adult fish especially the grouper types were affected. This phenomenon was previously recorded in Libya at 1985. The present study was carried out to demonstrate the most prevalent isolates that may lead to this phenomenon. It was found that the gram negative oxidase positive bacterial group (Pasteurella, Vibrio and Aeromonas spp.) were the most isolated bacteria with high incidence refers especially to Pasteurella piscicida with an incidence of 64%. Black or metallic colour cysts (Microspordiosis, Glugea spp. and Plistophora spp.) representing spores or larvae of this parasite were observed on the visceral organs and abdominal cavity. Other parasites included larval stages of Contracaecum spp. and Gonapodasmius epinepheli (Didymozoid digenes). The clinical and postmortem lesions were mostly characterized by unilateral or bilateral corneal opacity and haemorrhagic spots on the skin with ulcer formation in some cases. Abdominal distension and anal prolaps were also recorded. All the internal organs were congested. The swim bladder was greatly swollen and filled with gas.
Ibrahim Eldaghayes(9-2011)

Bacterial pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represent a well-known public health problem affecting both healthcare-associated and community populations. Past studies have clearly shown the value of characterizing problem organisms including MRSA through the use of molecular techniques (i.e. strain typing), with the aim of informing local, regional and national efforts in epidemiological analysis and infection control. The country of Libya represents a challenge for such analysis due to limited historical infectious disease information and major political unrest culminating in the Libyan Civil War (Libyan Revolution) in 2011. A MRSA study population of 202 isolates, cultured from patients in Tripoli Medical Center through this historical period (2008–2014), was characterized by both phenotypic and molecular methods. The results revealed a diversification of epidemic MRSA strains over time with generally increasing resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. The study identified prevalent MRSA in comparison to known global epidemic types, providing unique insight into the change of strains and/or characteristics over time especially with reference to the potential influence of the political revolution (i.e. pre- and post-2011). arabic 17 English 111
Elloulu BenDarif, Asma Khalil , Abdunnabi Rayes , Emad Bennour , Abdulgader Dhawi, John J Lowe , Shawn Gibbs, Richard V Goering (12-2016)

Since its emergence, COVID-19 has greatly affected all aspects of life, and no country can be considered safe. Furthermore, it has resulted in great consequences, politically, economically, socially, and even ethically, which will be difficult to contain. Even highly developed countries have struggled to tackle this pandemic, and not all COVID-19 death cases were accurately reported. Strikingly, countries that reported the lowest numbers of cases at the early stage of the pandemic are the poorest and have the least resilient health systems, often ravished by civil war such as Libya, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen [1]. In Libya, the ability to react to the crisis is in doubt because of civil war and internal disarray. The health care system has been seriously affected, the country is divided, and two counterattack governments were appointed. The Ready Score parameter recommended by the WHO's Joint External Evaluation (JEE) applied to determine, stop, and prevent epidemics
Daw MA, Ahmed MO, ET AL.(1-2021)