ABSTRACT Biocides (disinfectants and antiseptics) are used extensively in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of applications. However, their antibacterial effectiveness is not always well stated by the manufacturers and consumers find it difficult to choose the right product according to their needs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate practically achieves disinfection efficacy of locally available disinfectants and antiseptics on surfaces and infectious microbiological utilities of Tripoli Medical Center (TMC). Fourteen biocides; Ten disinfectants (Dex36, Dex50, Dex53, Mzid-S, Mzid-AF, Deson, Dettol, Seem, Chlor and Wipol) and four antiseptics (HiBi, Esept, Emed and Desman) were tested at concentrations recommended by manufacturers on surfaces, walls and different utilities that were contaminated by locally circulating six isolates of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, staphylococcus aureus, Klebscilla pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using four standard evaluation test procedures (capacity test, diffusion test, in-use test and suspension test). Results showed the highest average log reduction (7.4) of test bacteria was given by quaternary ammonium based disinfectants; Dex50, Dex53, Deson-AF and Mzid-S. A comparable average log reduction of test bacteria was noted (7.0, 7.2 and 7.3) for Deson-AF, Dex.50 and Dex.53 respectively. In contrast HiBi as an alcoholic based antiseptic gave the highest average log reduction (7.2) against tested bacteria. Desman, Emed and Wipol antiseptics had poor antibacterial activity on tested bacteria causing almost undetectable log reduction in cell viability. From contamination point of view, five critical departments in Tripoli Medical Centre (TMC) namely; Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Surgical ICU, Dermatology, Oncology, and Urology departments were found contaminated with six types of bacteria. Bacillus cereuses followed by Klebscilla pneumonia were the most bacteria spread in whole five mentioned departments, particularly in dermatology department. Staphylococcus haemolyticus was next most widespread bacterium and almost isolated equally from the five medical departments. Acinetobacter baumannii had been isolated from Neonatal ICU; whereas Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had been isolated from Oncology Department and Surgical ICU respectively. In addition, Dex36, Chlor, Chlor, Wipol, Desman and E-med exhibited bacterial contamination in both capacity and in-use tests. In conclusions, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and combination of QACs with aldehyde formulations were found to be the best disinfectants for disinfection of contaminated surfaces.
آمـــال منصــــور ابراهيـــم(1-2015)

ABSTRACT In now days, stabilizing and optimizing the power system networks performance becomes an important issue, from technical and economical point of view. To achieve the best performance different techniques has been used, but due to the complexity and high nonlinear behaviors, the performances obtained are still not fully accepted from engineering point view, especially in optimization side. In this thesis a general review to previous research works are presented. Due to inherently nonlinear power system network, implement an optimal control to achieve the optimal performance in real time is difficult and expensive. Therefore the linearization is better solution if the parameters variations or the disturbances are small enough. A linearized model which characterises the dynamic behavior of the power system is derived in this thesis. Finally, a certain class of optimal control theories, known as the linear quadratic regulator is used to optimize the performance of power system network. The obtained results are analyzed and are remarkably acceptable.
Abdulbaset Emhemed Slama Moftah(1-2016)

المقدمة اللهم لك الحمد والشكر على نعمائك كلها ظاهرة وباطنة، ماا علمناا منهاا وماا لام نعلااام، حماااد ا يلياااج ب اااك و هاااك وعظااايم نااالطانك، نااابحانك ربناااا لا إلااالا إلا ،نااا ، لا . ولا نحصي ثناء عليك، ،ن كما ،ثني على نفنك ، نحصي نعمك علينا و،صلي و،نلم على رنو الرحمة والهداية والخير، وعلى آللا وصحبلا ومن والاه واتبع ننتلا إلى يوم الدين. وبعد.. فاا ن ع عاال و اا ،ناال الراارآن الكااريم نااو ر ا وهااد ورحمااة بهاام، ،نااار باالا ، ى للنااا الظلما ، و،حيا بلا النبا ، وشرح بلا الصدور، و،رشد بلا العراو ، ااا عال مان اائا :  اورُ ن ْ مُ كْ ايَ لِِ ااَ نْ لَ زْ نَ أَ و ْ مُ كِ بَ ر ْ نِ م ٌانَهْ رُ ب ْ مُ كَاءَ ج ْ دَ ق ُ اسَّ ا الن َ هُّ يَ ا أ َ ي ا ينا ِ بُ م ،)1(ا :يااا، وااا  َ نِ م َ اسَّ الن َ جِ رْ خُ تِ ل َ كْ يَ لِِ ُاهَ نْ لَ زْ نَ أ ٌابَ تِ الر ك ِ اَ ارِ اى ا َ لِِ ْ امِ هِ بَ ر ِ نْ نِ اذِ ب ِاورُّ ى الن َ لِِ ِ اتَ مُ لُّالظ ِ يدِ مَ حْ ال ِيزِ زَ : )، واد ،مرنا نبحانلا وتعالى بتدبر آياا الرارآن وتكوتالا، ااا تعاالى 2( عْال  ِ ااابَ بْ لَْ ااو ا ُولُ أ َ رَّ كَاانَ تَ يِ لَ و ِ َااِاتَ يَ واُ رَّ بَّاادَ يِ ل ٌ كَااارَ بُ م َااكْ يَ لِِ ُاااهَ نْ لَ زْ نَ أ ٌااابَ تِ )، وع ناابحانلا 3( ك وتعااالى عاا الرااارآن تبياناا و، لهاااا؛ ، ا لكاا شااايء، فهااو ،صاا العلااام والعلااوم، و،عظمهااا اا ،لااكلك بااكل ال هااود فااي خدمتاالا وان ت ف وتاادبر آياتاالا ومعانياالا، رغ الطااااا فااي فهماالا فهاو ، وعكف العلماء وطلبة العلم على انتنباط الأحكام وانتخارج العلوم المتنوعة منلا مع ااااااااااالة ع الخالااااااااااادة البااياااااااااااة إلاااااااااااى ياااااااااااوم الرياماااااااااااة، لا ينااااااااااات ني الناااااااااااا عنااااااااااالا صاااااار ، واتبااااااج منه ااااالا ونااااالوك طريرااااالا، فبناااااوره وهاااااداه، و لا تصااااالت حيااااااتهم إلا بااااالا وبلغ علم علمائهم الآفاج، وارتكل علوم الدنيا وما حاد فيهاا ،المنلمون نادة العالم
نبيل محمد ابوبكر المحجوب (1-2016)