Since Open Education Resources (OER) approved in the early 2000s, it has grown as a major source of free learning materials for higher education; it is available for anyone to reuse, revise and redistribute based on the Creative Commons (CC), ready to give people worldwide equal access to collective knowledge and quality education by making good quality lectures, curricula, and books. In this paper, a brief history of OER is stated, then focused on categories of OER, ending with a discussion of the impact on reducing spending money on books compared to (Open Access) OA and OER
wael saleh mohamed abughres, عطية محمود البحباح, Mohamed A. Mgheder(6-2020)

Abstract Most of the controllers used in industries are of PID type, this is because they have simple structure and their usage is well known among industrial specialists. The tuning of controllers is the crucial issue in the overall control loop design in order to obtain a satisfactory performance response. Over the past decades many tuning techniques were developed to adjust the controller parameters. Most of these techniques have the disadvantages of giving a combination of heavy oscillatory response, large overshoot, and long settling and rise time. This work presents a fuzzy logic-PID scheme, the basic concept behind this scheme is to combine the conventional PID controller with the use of fuzzy logic concept. The PID controller regulates the process, while the fuzzy logic part adjusts the proportional gain of the controller. This scheme will be used to overcome the previous disadvantages and to improve the performance of the conventional controller. The effectiveness of fuzzy logic-PID scheme has been analyzed through computer simulation using MATLAB. The results have been compared with those of Ziegler-Nichols, Chien-Hrones-Reswick, Cohen-Coon, Optimum PID controller and a PID with constant and variable weighting factor. This comparison has shown a considerable improvement in the performance of the transient response for different simulated processes
علي عبدالرحمن بن عاشور (2008)

Mobile terminals allow users to access services while on the move. This unique feature has driven the rapid growth in the mobile network industry, changing it from a new technology into a massive industry within less than two decades. In this thesis, we address admission control problems in a cellular wireless environment. The admission control is responsible for deciding whether an incoming call or connection can be accepted or not, which are based on the available codes . We provide an extensive survey of the existing admission control algorithms. The issues related to and the approaches for designing admission control in third generation(3G) cellular wireless networks are discussed. An admission control method considering the quality of service(QoS) requirements in wireless is presented along with an analytical traffic model for the Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems(UMTS). In 3G networks we have dynamic capacity that depends on the interference levels in the covered area and the number of active users. This implies that the distance of a mobile user from the base station, which is called Node B, is also an important factor because of the signal fading. The first part of this work is an algorithm written in C++ programming language that distributes users in different zones assuming that the cell area is divided into Z virtual zones, where Z depends on the number of users. In the rest of this thesis we present a simulation model for the Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems(UMTS). For validation purposes, we have developed a much more detailed simulation of the system written in C language. The results of the mathematical model showed that, a product form equilibrium distribution holds in the case of two cells. Theses results are used to validate a simulation, and to show that the behaviour of the system is similar to that in the mathematical model. Once the product form of Jackson’s Theorem is known to hold, then it is possible to go to a more advanced stage to analyze the 3G network, and to get the performance measures, which will help in making decisions at the design stage of a network. To be more realistic, we used traffic distributions in the simulator, where a user can generate world wide web sessions(www), file transfer sessions, and Emails. These followed recommendations in the ETSI standard and further demonstrated the feasibility of the model.
Wael Saleh Abughres(7-2008)