Abstract The conflict that took place in Libya in 2011, up to the present moment, has greatly affected the electrical power network and resulted in the rise of the voltage instability problem. This was due to loss of the some major transmission lines and certain generation units. Owing to the fact that the southern region of the Libyan network has no generation units, voltage drop phenomena has become a common problem as a result of the long transmission distance, which is approximately 750km. A proposed solution in order to solve this problem is via the utilization of small mobile generation units at the network weak points. This thesis revolves around discussing the voltage instability problem within the Libyan Network and how it can be enhanced when small and mobile generation units are connected to the network weak points. It will also establish and identify where the most weakened buses and regions are so that the mobile units should be connected for the attainment of optimized solution. Moreover, this solution was proposed as it can solve not only the voltage instability problem, but it will also solve the inadequacy in generation issue by circulating additional power within the network. Hence, reduce the load shedding phenomena. Furthermore, the thesis also includes future recommendations to improve and enhance the Libyan network by the addition of new 220kV and 400kV transmission lines that will enable the network to cope with the load growth in the future
ربيع محمد عمر (2014)

Abstract Voice over IP (VoIP) uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to transmit voice as packets over an IP network, like the Internet, Intranets and Local Area Networks (LAN). Here the voice signal is digitized, compressed and converted to IP packets and then transmitted over the IP network. However, at the receiving end, some packets may be missed in its way due to network congestion. This packets loss degrades the quality of speech at the receiving end of a voice transmission system in the IP network. Since the voice transmission is a real time process, the receiver cannot request for retransmission of the missing packets. High speed networks provide real time variable bit rate service with packet loss requirements. The burstiness of the correlated traffic makes dynamic buffer management highly desirable to satisfy the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. This thesis presents an algorithm to improve and optimize the Adaptive Buffer Allocation Scheme to deal with input traffic based on loss of consecutive packets in data streams and buffer occupancy levels. Buffer is designed to allow the input traffic to be partitioned into different priority classes, and based on the input traffic behavior it controls the threshold dynamically. This scheme allows input packets to enter into buffer if its occupancy level is less than the threshold value for priority of that packet. The threshold is dynamically varied in runtime based on packet loss behavior. The performance evaluation is carried out using simulation and is carried out for two and multiple priority classes of the input traffic "real time and non real time classes". The simulation results show that the Modified Adaptive Partial Buffer Sharing (ADPBS) has better performance than Adaptive Partial Buffer Sharing under the same traffic conditions.
اسماء احمد الكيش (2010)

Experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effect og gamma ray radiations on silicon solar cells. The measured experimental data are compared with the theoretical results obtained by computer simulation programs before and after radiation. P-N junction silicon cell samples were used for the study showing degradation behavior for the output power and the short circuit current with less effect on the open circuit voltage as the radiation doses increases. Enhanced series resistance was added to the solar cell model due to deformation of I –V characteristics resulting from gamma ray radiations. Wide spread spectrum of doses were employed to study the effect of the radiation on the crystal deformation and damages on different parameters of solar cells. Study reveals an improvement in the output power and short circuit current due to post annealing effect of gamma ray radiations. The conclusion consist of suggestions to protect the solar cells in space satellites.
W. ABUGHRES, M. EL-MURADI, H. EL-FITOURI(9-1992)