Geospatial database of farm locations and biosecurity measures are essential to control disease outbreaks. A study was conducted to establish geospatial database on poultry farms in Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi region of Libya, to evaluate the biosecurity level of each farm and to determine the seroprevalence of mycoplasma and its relation to biosecurity level. A field team of 7 Veterinarians belongs to the National Center of Animal Health was assigned for data recording and collection of blood samples. Personal information of the producers, geographical locations, biosecurity measures and description of the poultry farms were recorded. The total number of poultry farms in Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi Region is 461 farms distributed in 13 cities. Out of these, 102 broiler farms and one broiler breeder farm (10 houses) which were in operation during team visit were included in this study. Following collection of blood, sera were separated and tested by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of antibodies against Mycoplasma (General antigen for M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae). The seroprevalence of Mycoplasma in the region was 28% (29 poultry farms out of 103 were infected). About 50% (23 out of 47) of poultry farms located in Garian city were infected with Mycoplasma and one significant cluster of Mycoplasma infection in the city was identified. Low level of biosecurity was found in poultry farms of the region. Out of the 103 farms included, 63% of poultry houses has a ground of soil and 44% of them has uncoated walls which may influence the proper cleaning and disinfection. Almost 100% of the farms are at risk of exposure to diseases transmitted by wild birds such as avian influenza and Newcastle disease due to absence of wild birds control program. Although, 81% of the farms have entry restrictions, only 20% have disinfectants at entry which increase the risk of exposure to pathogens. The results of this study highlight the weakness points of biosecurity measures in poultry farms of Al-Jabal Al-Gharbi region and high seroprevalence of mycoplasma. Data collected in this study will assist the Veterinary authorities to apply effective disease control strategies.
Abdulwahab Kammon(3-2017)

بكتيريا الفيبريو وهي مجموعة من البكتيريا سالبة الجرام التي تصيب في الأساس أسماك المياه المالحة والشروب. بكتيريا الفيبريو توجد بصورة كثيفة في مياه البحر الملوثة و خصوصا تلك الملوثة بمياه الصرف الصحي. في الدراسة الحالية تم عزل وتصنيف عدد أربعة عترات من ميكروب الفيبريو من أسماك المرجان العادي التي تم تجميعها من المنطقة الساحلية لطرابلس خلال موسم 2014 حتي موسم الربيع 2015 . تم تحديد هوية العترات المعزولة والتأكيد علي انها ميكروب V. Parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio alginolyticus وباستخدام بعض التقنيات البيوكيميائية التقليدية و تقنية API20E. وأكدت الاختبارات اتفاق الخصائص البيوكيميائية مع الخصائص لقياسية لذلك الميكروب و المسجلة في كتاب بيرجز المرجعي لتصنيف البكتيريا (Bergey’s Manual Bactriology) بالبحث تبين أن ميكروب V. fluvialis سجل أعلى نسبة عزل خلال موسم صيف 2014 (33.33%) وربيع 2015 (27.77%) بينما مثل ميكروب V. ulnificus اقل نسبة عزل في موسم صيف 2014 بنسبة (4.44%) وربيع 2015 (5.55%). في موسم شتاء 014 مثلت V. Parahaemolyticus أعلى نسبة إصابة (20%) بينما مثل ميكروب V. alginolyticus أقل نسبة إصابة (2.22%). بالنسبة لاختبار الحساسية وجد أن معظم ميكروب V. alginolyticus و V. Parahaemolyticus هي حساسة لكل من الدوكسيسيكلين و البوليميكسين و مقاومة لكل من الاوكسيتيتر اسكين و الفلورفينيكول و الا مبيسيلين. و على الرغم من ذلك فإن ميكروب V. fluvialis أثبت حساسية كل المضادات الحيوية المستخدمة باستثناء الأمبيسيلين بينما أثبتت الاختبارات حساسية ميكروب Vibrio vulnificus لكل من الدوكسيسيكلين و البوليميكسينو الاوكسيتيتر اسكلين و مقاومة للفلورفينيكول و السلفاميثاكسازول- تراميثوبريم و الأمبيسلين و الذي يظهر اختلافا ملحوظا عن باقي العزلات البكتيرية. و في المجمل فإن النتائج تعطى مؤشر عن ازدياد مستمر للتلوث بمياه الصرف الصحي في معظم أماكن تجميع العينات في المنطقة الممتدة من تاجوراء حتى جنزور على الشاطئ الغربي لمدينة طرابلس ليبيا. Abstract: Vibrios are a group of Gram negative septicemic bacteria that mainly affect marine and estuarine fishes. Vibrios are ubiquitous in environmentally polluted seawater with especial reference to municipal sewage. In the current study, four main species of Vibrios have been frequently isolated / identified from the Common Pandora fish (Pagellus erythrinus) collected through summer 2014 to spring 2015. The identities of the retrieved isolates were confirmed as Vibrio vulnificus (V.vulnificus), Vibrio Parahaemolyticus (V. Parahaemolyticus), Vibrio fluvialis (V.fluvialis) and Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) depending on their morphochemical results obtained from the adopted conventional and semi-automated biochemical tests (API20E). All isolates were consistent with the standard criteria of the aforementioned Vibrio species stated by the Bergey's Manual of Systemic Bacteriology. The research has revealed that V. fluvialis was the highest isolated species (33.33%) in Summer 2014 and Spring 2015(27.77%), while V. vulnificus was the lowest isolated through summer 2014 (4.44%) and spring 2015(5.55%) . In winter season 2014, V. Parahaemolyticus presented the highest percentage of infection (20%), while V. alginolyticus was associated with the lowest percentage of infection (2.22%). Antibiogram has revealed that most of the retrieved V. alginolyticus and V.Parahaemolyticus were sensitive to Doxycyclin and Polymyxin and resistant to Oxytetracyclin, Florfenicol and Ampicillin. However V. fluvialis isolate were sensitive to all tested antibiotics with the exception of Ampicillin. Interestingly V.vulnificus were sensitive to Doxycyclin, Polymyxin, Oxytetracyclin, while resistant to Florfenicol, Sulfamethoxzole -trimethoprim and Ampicillin, which is remarkably different from the antibiogram recorded for other retrieved Vibrio species. Conclusively, the achieved results throughout the current study is indicative of a consistently growing municipal sewage pollution across the sampling sites extending from Tajoura to Janzour at the western coast of Tripoli, Libya.
محمد بشير منصور التكالي (2015)

Detection of antibodies to avian influenza H9N2 in broiler flocks clinically expressing a respiratory disease syndrome
Abdulatif Asheg, OS Al-Garib,, ِAbdulwahab Kammon(7-2007)