The forelimb fetlock joint and its bony components are a common site of injury in racing horses. We hypothesized that the variations in relative density of these bones might correspond to their mechanical properties. This study aimed first to identify the relative density of third metacarpal bone (Mc3), proximal phalanx (P1) and proximal sesamoid bones (PSBs) of Thoroughbred race horses. Second, to determine whether there was any difference and/or similarity in the relative density between and within the bones. Bones from right and left forelimbs of 10 horses were collected and prepared by boiling and drying. Dry weight and volume for each bone were measured and the relative density was then calculated. Relative density of Mc3 was substantially greater than the other two bones with a mean of 1.7 ± 0.06. Relative density of P1 and PSBs showed a high similarity especially between P1 and the medial PSBs. Neither the comparisons between right and left sides nor between lateral and medial PSBs showed any significant differences. P1 had the most consistent relative density within right and left sides. Larger relative density in Mc3 and the similarity between P1 and PSBs presume a more important role of the bone mass on their properties than the volume.
Abdulrhman Mohamed Salah Alrtib, Aiman Hussein Saleh Oheida, Ali Omar Alarif Boker, Aiman Abdulghader Salim Shalgum, Helen M S Davies(12-2018)

Abstract As little is known about the blood profile of camels in libya, this article is the second of a 4-part series describing the biochemical and haematological blood profile in Libyan camels. In Part 1 of these manuscripts, the overall blood biochemical and haematological mean values of camels in Libya were determined, parts 2-4 evaluates the effects of breed, gender and age respectively on these values. Blood samples were collected from three camel breeds, namely, Fakhreya, Sirtaweya and Mahari, and the levels of enzymes, metabolites, electrolytes and haematological indices were measured. The blood of the Sirtaweya breed showed (i) higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin and Phosphorus (Ph), than the other two breeds, (ii) higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), amylase (AMS) and total proteins than the Fakhreya breed and (iii) higher levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Calcium (Ca), Packed Cell volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Albumin/Globulin (A/G) ratio than the Mahari breed. The Fakhreya breed had (i) higher levels of urea, Iron (Fe), Haemoglobin (Hb), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) and neutrophils number than the other two breeds, (ii) higher levels of glucose, A/G, LDL, Ca, PCV, MCV and monocytes number than the Mahari breed and (iii) higher levels of erythrocyte osmotic fragility, MCH and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) than the Sirtaweya breed. The Mahari breed had (i) higher levels of globulin than the other two breeds, (ii) higher levels of AMS than the Fakhreya breed and (iii) higher levels of erythrocyte osmotic fragility, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), MCHC than the Sirtaweya breed. The tested blood parameters in the three Libyan breeds in this study were affected by breed variations. arabic 28 English 143
Anwar Mustafa Abdalhadi Abdalmula, F. A. Alnagar, Amal Omar Elarif Buker, Fathia mahmoud Mohammad Ashour, I. M. Abograra , Mansur Ennuri Moftah Shmela(10-2018)

Several reports have discussed possible bony morphological causes of fetlock pathology but without relating them to its morphometry. Radiographic measurement is widely used in constructing numerical databases of bone morphometry. Such measurements would not be reliable unless all factors affecting the radiographs were considered. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a specific dorsopalmar view (DP) for fetlock radiographic measurements, and then to develop reliable and repeatable fetlock parameters that represent fetlock conformation on those DP radiographs. Ten cadaveric forelimbs from ten adult horses were cut at the distal third of the radius and mounted in a normal posture for DP radiography. Specific features on fetlock bones were used as landmarks to identify the DP at zero degrees. Other bony features were selected as landmarks for developing fetlock parameters on these radiographs. Twenty-seven parameters were designed in the form of angles (12) and ratios (15). The repeatability and consistency of each parameter was tested. A specific fetlock DP view was determined at zero degrees based on certain landmarks. All angular and ratio parameters showed high reliability and consistency in their measurements. The established parameters provide an opportunity to test the relationship between fetlock morphometrics and performance, or the likelihood of certain pathologies.
Abdulrhman Mohamed Salah Alrtib, Aiman Hussein Saleh Oheida, Mohamed Hamrouni S. Abushhiwa, Helen M S Davies(3-2019)