Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme level, which is routinely measured at clinical laboratories, increases in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and hepatitis patients. This study investigated the difference in ALP level among ESRD and hepatitis patients. ALP level was measured in sera of patients suffering from ESRD, HCV and HBV infections, as well as patients suffering from comorbidity of these diseases, then the obtained values of ALP level were statistically compared to a control group. The results of three-Way ANOVA revealed that the mean of ALP level increased significantly (P-value< 0.05) in all types of diseases compared to the control group, with the highest increase in case of ESRD patients infected with Hepatitis B and C. Also, it was found that the interaction of group-gender significantly (P-value< 0.05) altered ALP level in patients suffering from HCV or HBV infections, while the interaction of group-age, gender-age, group-gender-age were found not to significantly alter it. In conclusion, ESRD patients with HBV/HCV coinfection may have a higher risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality than ESRD or HBV or HCV patients. arabic 25 English 103
HA Alemam, A Bashein(1-2020)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common genetic kidney disorders with the incidence of 1 in 1,000 births. ADPKD is genetically heterogeneous with two genes identified: PKD1 (16p13.3, 46 exons) and PKD2 (4q21, 15 exons). Eighty five percent of the patients with ADPKD have at least one mutation in the PKD1 gene and fifteen percent of the patients have one mutation in PKD2 gene. Direct sequencing of one patient and his sequence of PKD1 gene demonstrated a missense mutation GCC----CCC substitution in exon 13 with cause change amino acid of Alanine to Proline at codon 1029. Three brothers have deletion mutation in exon 15, one patient missense mutation GGC---GCC in exon 19 which cause change amino acid of Glycine to Alanine at codon 2530. Molecular diagnostics of ADPKD relies on mutation screening of PKD1 and PKD2, which is complicated by extensive allelic heterogeneity and the presence of six highly homologous sequences of PKD1. PCR strategy was used to screen sequence variants with heteroduplex analysis and several affected individuals were discovered to have clusters of base pair substitutions in exons 13 and 19 with del 20 pb (3601-3620) in exon15. arabic 14 English 81
Refaat Tabagh, Ahmed Zaid(1-2018)

Abstract The incidence of spinal cord injuries is the lowest of all major trauma, with devastating impact on the individual affected. The immediate treatment, though it remains mainly supportive, in many situations will determine the outcome and the cost of health care. Standards of care are unfortunately still lacking, this is mainly due to the existing controversies and lack of effective treatment of the injured cord. The author discusses here some of the controversial points based on literature review and personal observation. arabic 14 English 75
Nabil A. Alageli(10-2021)