Opinion Cough in kids less than 6yrs old whether being with sputum i.e. wet or without i.e. dry and parental asking about any medicine stopping this symptom certainly if being dry i.e. irritating and disturbing sleep. So most studies being done on this subject proved the following: a) It is not wise to suppress cough because it is natural defense mechanism to expel infected mucus i.e. sputum out of the body and clearing the airways to improve oxygenation so never to prescribe antitussive i.e. cough suppressant. b) sputum mucolytic agents and there are many agents their purpose to liquify it and get it watery to be easy expectorated again studies proved that the best muculytic agent is Good Hydration so no need to use except where there is a mucus retention in the lungs like case of brocheictasis. c) WHO recommendation made about 6 yrs back was never to prescribe any cough medicine whether antitussive or mucolytic to kids less than 6 yrs old. Myself and since about 10 years I had not prescribed any cough suppressant to children despite of age but if kids older than 6 years old I do prescribe mucolytic agent made certainly for kids like amydramine syrup which contains antihistamine diphenhydramine and without restrictions. In kids less than 6yrs old again I do prescribe mucolytic made for kids like soolan or Amydramine pediatric syrup in trial to hit 2 birds which are sedating and antihistamine effects and satisfying anxious parents and it does work almost in all cases arabic 6 English 32
Hisham Mukhtar Alhaashimi Alrabty(5-2017)

The detection of somatic mutations in tumours is essential for the understanding of cancer development and targeting therapy. The screening for BRAF V600E mutation is employed in clinical practice in Libya for its prognostic and potentially predictive role in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC). Using of BRAF mutant DNA and wild type DNA targets, we found that the sensitivity of allelic discrimination-Real Time PCR was applicable. The Real Time PCR assay displayed increased analytical sensitivity in detecting the BRAF V600E mutation. The association of BRAF mutations with clinical and pathological features was assessed using Real Time PCR assay. Qiagen Real Time PCR Platform was utilised using a set of primers. forward 5-GAC. CTC. ACA. GTA. AAA. ATA. GGT. G 3, reverse 5-TCC. AGA. CAA. CTG. TTC. AAA. CTG. A. 3. Our study indicates that Real Time PCR-based assays is convenient to detect the BRAF V600E mutation in CRC and that BRAF mutations screening should not be restricted to selected patients on the basis of the clinicalpathological characteristics. arabic 9 English 63
Abdul M Gbaj, Abdulla Bashein(1-2018)

Ischaemic injury during brain development correlates with long-term neurological problems resulting in part from oligodendrocytes (OL) damage and a loss of appropriate myelination. The molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible remain partially understood and there is no effective clinical treatment. Here we develop and characterise an ex-vivo slice culture ischaemia model to elucidate the cellular mechanisms to aid the search for therapeutic interventions. Cerebellar slices from 7 day-old rats were cultured for 10 days and their developmental profile in culture and their response to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was assessed. During the culture period development of white matter progressed as in-vivo, the numbers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) decreased and the numbers of mature OLs increased and there was extensive myelination of axons as judged by colocalisation of myelin basic protein and neurofilament. Cultured slices were exposed to a short period of OGD at 7 days in-vitro and reperfused to mimic in-vivo conditions. Twenty minutes of OGD was found to result in significant injury as judged by a 58.6% reduction in cell viability 3 days post-injury. Treatment of cultures with OGD resulted in a loss of OLs and a loss of myelination of axons. In summary we have developed a paradigm for studying the damage to OLs and loss of myelination associated with ischaemic periods during development which should facilitate the search for understanding the mechanisms responsible and identifying potential therapeutic interventions.
Mohamed A M Al Griw , Mohamed A. Al-Griw, Ian C. Wood, Michael G. Salter(11-2017)