Introduction: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited primary immune deficiency disease with prevalence of 1 in 250,000 worldwide. It is caused by mutations in the genes that encode the NADPH oxidase enzyme components responsible for the production of super oxide and other free radicals. These mutations lead to the absence or decrease of the microbicidal activity of the phagocytic cells. arabic 10 English 72
Muna Hamed Othman Elramli, Ahmed Zaid(1-2015)

Abstract The incidence of spinal cord injuries is the lowest of all major trauma, with devastating impact on the individual affected. The immediate treatment, though it remains mainly supportive, in many situations will determine the outcome and the cost of health care. Standards of care are unfortunately still lacking, this is mainly due to the existing controversies and lack of effective treatment of the injured cord. The author discusses here some of the controversial points based on literature review and personal observation. arabic 14 English 75
Nabil A. Alageli(10-2021)

Background: During early development, environmental compounds can induce adult onset diseases and disrupt the circulating vitamin D (VitD) levels. Aim: This study aimed to examine the protective role of VitD against the adverse effects of BPA on male and female mice. Methods: A total of 60 male and female Swiss Albino mice (3 weeks old) were randomly divided into 5 groups; each consisted of 12 mice (6 males and 6 females) and was treated as follows: Group I received no treatment (sham control); Group II, sterile corn oil only (vehicle control); Group III, BPA (400 μg/kg); Group IV, VitD (2,195 IU/kg); and Group V, BPA + VitD. At 10.5 weeks, the animals were sacrificed to conduct histological examinations. Results: BPA-exposed mice were found to have neurobehavioral abnormalities, heart, kidney, and lung diseases with increased apoptotic indices in both sexes. On the other hand, the treatment of BPA mice with VitD altered this scenario with modulated motor activity, enhanced body and organ weights, and preserved the heart, kidney, and lung architecture, alongside a decreased percent apoptotic index. Conclusion: Our findings illustrate that VitD protects mice against BPA-induced heart, kidney, and lung abnormalities. arabic 20 English 103
Mohamed A. Al-Griw(8-2021)