ABSTRACT We reviewed 48 consecutive patients with type II (32) and type III (16), odontoid peg fractures. The clinical & radiological outcomes were assessed over an average period of follow up of 6.8 years. Union rate was determined and we discussed several factors that may affect it. Patients were treated conservatively with initial bed rest with or without cervical skeletal traction followed by bracing for an average of 9 weeks. Results: Bony union was established in 25 of 32 (78%) type II fractures. Of 7 cases with no bony union 4 were stable probably with fibrous union. 3 remained unstable. In 13 of 16 (83%) type III fractures bony union was established. 2 of the 3 with no bony union were considered stable. Osseous non-union was higher in patients with displacement of >5mm, but there is no correlation between union and age, gender or angulation of the fracture in both types. Conclusion: non-surgical management of odontoid fractures remain a viable option in the management of these fractures arabic 9 English 60
Nabil A. Alageli(1-2017)

The present in vivo murine study was aimed to investigate the long-term effect of repeated administration of low-dose of the environmental toxicant trichloroethane (TCE) over three weeks on the spleen and peripheral blood cells, and the possible role of oxidative stress in TCE-induced toxicity. The results showed neither adverse clinical signs nor mortality on the TCE-treated mice. However, significant changes were noticed in the spleen of those animals. Grossly, the spleen of TCE-treated group was congested and enlarged (splenomegaly). Histpathologically, the splenic tissues of TCE-treated mice showed signs of toxicity as highly activated germinal centers of the white pulp with minimal apoptotic reaction as well as a prominent megakarocytosis and infiltration of the red pulp by comparatively increased number of eosinophiIs and mature lymphocytes were detected. In addition, lymphocyte numbers were decreased in peripheral blood as well as basophils. In contrast, there was an increase in monocyte numbers in the peripheral circulation. In addition, lipid peroxidation/ malondialdehyde formation, a biomarker of oxidative stress, was significantly induced by TCE treatment in the sera and spleen of mice, suggesting an overall increase in oxidative stress. These results provide further support to a role of oxidative stress in TCE-induced cell death, which could result in an impaired spleen function. This study concludes that attenuation of TCE-induced splenic damage in mice provides an approach for preventive and/or therapeutic strategies
Massaud S. Maamar, Mohamed A. Al-Griw, Rabia O. Al-Ghazeer, Seham A. Al-Azreg, Naser M. Salama, Emad M. Bennour(3-2016)

Introduction: the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after Spinal injuries was largely realised but the true incidence of which is still variable and unclear. Abstract Patients & method: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 374 consecutive patients who sustained traumatic spinal injury and admitted acutely to a comprehensive care spinal injuries centre. 159 patients had spinal trauma with spinal cord injury (SCI) and 215 were neurologically intact. The majority of these patients were treated non-surgically and received the same thromboprophylactic regimen started within a median of 2 days post injury. The incidence of clinical VTE (deep Vein thrombosis DVT & Pulmonary Embolism PE) was determined and some risk factors discussed. Results: Among the neurologically intact group one patient developed clinical PE (0.5%). Out of 159 patients with SCI, 23 developed clinically evident VTE (14.5%), 15 had DVT (11.9%), 4 PE (5%) and 4 had both DVT & PE). There was no fatality. Complete SCI lesions were associated with higher incidence of VTE compared to incomplete lesions, 17.6 % & 11% respectively (p
Nabil Alageli, Aheed Osman(7-2021)