Every organism has deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) within their cells. DNA is a complex molecule that contains all of the information needed to build and maintain living organisms. Extraction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is one of the most basic and critical steps affecting molecular-based techniques in the study of DNA that allow vast advances in genetic, molecular biology, biotechnology, forensic, and bioinformatics laboratories. Therefore, researchers have been used different modified and optimized protocols for efficient genomic DNA extraction from biological samples. Due to the high amount of genetic material in whole blood samples so it's one of the main sources used to obtain DNA and there are many different protocols available in this issue. In the present study, we optimized, evaluated by comparison to phenol-chloroform (traditional method) and silica column (QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit) DNA extraction procedures. The extracted DNA by these protocols was analyzed according to their time consuming, quality, quantity, cost and toxicity. Extracted DNA with current protocol was qualified using gel electrophoresis, Nanodrop spectrophotometric analysis. Our results showed that there are not significantly differences between these methods about DNA Purity (A260/A280) and DNA yield (ng DNA/μl). In addition, phenol/chloroform (traditional method) was the most toxic method; it takes more time but cheaper than other method; it yielded reasonably good quantities of good quality DNA and would be suitable for large-scale genotyping of blood samples. The silica column method (QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit) was the most expensive among the other method but the least extraction time was required and it was the safest method. arabic 11 English 69
Ghada Salem, Ahmed Zaid(1-2018)

Opinion Cough in kids less than 6yrs old whether being with sputum i.e. wet or without i.e. dry and parental asking about any medicine stopping this symptom certainly if being dry i.e. irritating and disturbing sleep. So most studies being done on this subject proved the following: a) It is not wise to suppress cough because it is natural defense mechanism to expel infected mucus i.e. sputum out of the body and clearing the airways to improve oxygenation so never to prescribe antitussive i.e. cough suppressant. b) sputum mucolytic agents and there are many agents their purpose to liquify it and get it watery to be easy expectorated again studies proved that the best muculytic agent is Good Hydration so no need to use except where there is a mucus retention in the lungs like case of brocheictasis. c) WHO recommendation made about 6 yrs back was never to prescribe any cough medicine whether antitussive or mucolytic to kids less than 6 yrs old. Myself and since about 10 years I had not prescribed any cough suppressant to children despite of age but if kids older than 6 years old I do prescribe mucolytic agent made certainly for kids like amydramine syrup which contains antihistamine diphenhydramine and without restrictions. In kids less than 6yrs old again I do prescribe mucolytic made for kids like soolan or Amydramine pediatric syrup in trial to hit 2 birds which are sedating and antihistamine effects and satisfying anxious parents and it does work almost in all cases arabic 6 English 32
Hisham Mukhtar Alhaashimi Alrabty(5-2017)

Background: The fat extracted from the nut of the African Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) is called Shea butter. It has multiple uses at the local level as it is used in cosmetic products and as a cocoa butter substitute in chocolate industries. It has a high nutritious value and is also a valuable product on the local, national, and international markets, making it the ideal candidate to research and invest in. Aim: This study is a comparative experimental study of the possible burn healing effects between imported South African raw Shea butter and samples in a Libyan market. Method: The control samples were brought from South Africa (Benin traditional markets). A total of 18 different samples were collected from different sale centers in Tripoli, including pharmacies, beauty shops, and spices shops, in addition to one sample brought from Poland. Animal experiment on burn healing effect was carried out on nine male Sprague Dawley (350–400 g) rats aged 6–8 weeks old. After shaving the animal’s dorsum hair, a metal cube was used to create a deep second degree burn wound, and the cube was heated to 100°C for 20 seconds. Medication with Shea butter (control, T1, and T2) was initiated daily for one for these groups by the application of a thin film of the Shea butter samples on the burned areas. On days 1, 3, and 7, the rats were anesthetised and a sample from the burned scar tissue and skin adjacent were evaluated using pathological parameters. Results: The histological study indicates that the use of Shea butter T1 as topical treatment induces an immune response, which enhances the form of the presence of a large number of inflammatory cells in the epidermis and dermis layers. The treatment of burned skin with T2 lasted for 72 hours and it showed slightly significant healing in the normal structure of proliferative granulation tissue with accumulation of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells surrounding the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Small areas of the epidermis which formed few layers were observed and some hair roots were grown. This was well seen in cases of T1 and T2. Shea butter bought as raw might have a bad effect on burned skin. Conclusion: Shea butter bought as raw might have bad effect on burned skin. On the other hand, the sample from Poland had a therapeutic effect, which was because of the additives such as avocado oil, grape seed oil, and others. arabic 18 English 101
Sakina Salem Mohammed Saadawi, Soad Ali Abdulsalam Treesh, ٍSuhera Mehemed Abdulsalam Aburawi, , , (11-2020)